Chapter 13: Takeaway 13.1: How Do Human Needs Influence Motivation to Work?

Question 1

Define engagement

Answer 1

engagement is aspects of the work experience that create a sense of connection to the job and organization

Question 2

Define motivation

Answer 2

motivation accounts for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work

Question 3

Define a need

Answer 3

a need is an unfulfilled physiological or psychological desire

Question 4

What are lower-order needs?

Answer 4

lower-order needs are physiological, safety, and social needs in Maslow’s hierarchy

Question 5

What are higher-order needs?

Answer 5

higher-order needs esteem and self-actualization needs in Maslow’s hierarchy

Question 6

What is the Deficit Principle?

Answer 6

• The Deficit Principle states that a satisfied need is not a motivator of behavior. People act in ways that satisfy deprived needs, ones for which a “deficit” exists

Question 7

What is the Progression Principle?

Answer 7

• The Progression Principle states that people try to satisfy lower-level needs first and then move step-by-step up the hierarchy

Question 8

Define existence needs

Answer 8

existence needs are desires for physiological and material well-being

Question 9

Define relatedness needs

Answer 9

relatedness needs are desires for satisfying interpersonal relationships

Question 10

Define growth needs

Answer 10

growth needs are desires for continued psychological growth and development

Question 11

What is the Frustration-Regression Principle?

Answer 11

• The Frustration-Regression Principle states that an already-satisfied lower-level need can become reactivated when a higher-level need cannot be satisfied

Question 12

Define need for achievement

Answer 12

need for achievement is the desire to do something better, to solve problems, or to master complex tasks

Question 13

Define need for power

Answer 13

need for power is the desire to control, influence, or be responsible for other people

Question 14

What is the need for personal power?

Answer 14

• The need for personal power is exploitative and involves manipulation purely for the sake of personal gratification

Question 15

What is the need for social power?

Answer 15

• The need for social power is the positive face of power. It involves the use of power in a socially responsible way, one that is directed toward group or organizational objectives rather than personal ones.

Question 16

Define need for affiliation

Answer 16

need for affiliation is the desire to establish and maintain good relations with people

Question 17

Define satisfier factor or motivator factor

Answer 17

a satisfier factor is found in job content such as a sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, or personal growth

Question 18

Define hygiene factor

Answer 18

a hygiene factor is found in the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary

Question 19

Define job design

Answer 19

job design is the allocation of specific work tasks to individuals and groups

Question 20

Define job enrichment

Answer 20

job enrichment increases job content by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by the supervisor

Question 21

What aspects of the work experience that create a sense of connection to the job and organization?

Answer 21

engagement

Question 22

What accounts for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work?

Answer 22

motivation

Question 23

What is an unfulfilled physiological or psychological desire?

Answer 23

a need

Question 24

What type of need are physiological, safety, and social needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?

Answer 24

lower-order needs

Question 25

What type of need are esteem and self-actualization needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?

Answer 25

higher-order needs

Question 26

What states that a satisfied need is not a motivator of behavior. People act in ways that satisfy deprived needs, ones for which a “deficit” exists?

Answer 26

The Deficit Principle

Question 27

What states that people try to satisfy lower-level needs first and then move step-by-step up the hierarchy?

Answer 27

The Progression Principle

Question 28

What are desires for physiological and material well-being?

Answer 28

existence needs

Question 29

What are desires for satisfying interpersonal relationships?

Answer 29

relatedness needs

Question 30

What are desires for continued psychological growth and development?

Answer 30

growth needs

Question 31

What states that an already-satisfied lower-level need can become reactivated when a higher-level need cannot be satisfied?

Answer 31

The Frustration-Regression Principle

Question 32

What is the desire to do something better, to solve problems, or to master complex tasks?

Answer 32

need for achievement

Question 33

What is the desire to control, influence, or be responsible for other people?

Answer 33

need for power

Question 34

What is exploitative and involves manipulation purely for the sake of personal gratification?

Answer 34

the need for personal power

Question 35

What is the positive face of power. It involves the use of power in a socially responsible way, one that is directed toward group or organizational objectives rather than personal ones?

Answer 35

the need for social power

Question 36

What is the desire to establish and maintain good relations with people?

Answer 36

need for affiliation

Question 37

What is found in job content such as a sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, or personal growth?

Answer 37

satisfier factor or motivator factor

Question 38

What found in the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary?

Answer 38

hygiene factor

Question 39

What is the allocation of specific work tasks to individuals and groups?

Answer 39

job design

Question 40

What increases job content by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by the supervisor?

Answer 40

job enrichment