3A, 3B Flashcards by Arriane Camacho

 Only part of an organism (binds)

ANTIGEN

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 Self- or Non-self

o Presence and absence in the host

ANTIGEN

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 Pathogenic or Non-pathogenic

o Exposure to pathogen = INFECTION
o ALLERGIC RX ≠ INFECTION

ANTIGEN

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 Primary function: To bind Ags

ANTIGEN

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 AB-generator [both binds (antigenic) to and forms (immunogenic) AB]

ANTIGEN

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AG binds to AB

Antigenicity

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causes AB formation

Immunogenicity

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Antigenic determinants

o Foreign proteins
o Viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi

Epitope

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 Responsible for doing the two basic properties of an AG .

 Very small (4 to 5 polysaccharide units)

Epitope

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 An AB is created against this epitope but not to the entire microorganism

Paratope

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Antibody determinants

Paratope

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cause AB formation - substance

Immunogen

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

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 ↓MW (IS doesn’t actually react)
 Partial AG

Hapten

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↑MW – AB production
Complete AG

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

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o Can cause damage to the body due to ↑MW

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

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Carbohydrate and lipids (nonprotein)

Hapten

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Protein (most complex biomolecule – heavy)

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

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With own epitopes

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

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Ex.: Albumin, polypeptide, globulin

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

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Ex.: Penicilin; Dinitrophenol

o Can bind to an available AB

Hapten

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Glycoproteins

ANTIBODY or IMMUNOGLOBULI N (Ig)

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Bind AGs; interacts with AG

ANTIBODY

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– plasma cells

 AB + WBC (surface)

o B cells

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– coating during phagocytosis

o Opsonins

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Phagocytosis site

o Liver and spleen

Entry of water =

EXPLOSION/LYSIS

Extravascular destruction of cells

Phagocytosis

Intravascular destruction of cells

EXPLOSION/LYSIS

Surface

Complement

 Protein in nature  ↑MW  Immunogenic and antigenic

Carrier

 Nonprotein in nature  ↓MW  Antigenic

Hapten

(complete AG on its own)

Carrier

(incomplete AG)

Hapten

Carrier + Hapten

Complete Antigen

 Immunogenecity + Antigenecity  Can bind to AB  Can cause AB formation

Complete Antigen ANTIGEN

 Ex. Complete Antigen (heavy; both immunigenic and antigenic)

Carrier/ Schlepper Molecules

 Addition of a carrier mol (dinitrophenol + penicilin) → (artificial addition of) EPITOPES

Complete Antigen

 Hapten only

Incomplete Antigen

Ex. Incomplete Antigen (light; antigenic only)

Hapten

 Addition of a carrier mol (dinitrophenol + albumin) → COMPLETE AG OR COMPLEX HAPTEN (becomes visible)

Incomplete Antigen

Incomplete Antigen types

1. Simple or precipitating 2. Complex or nonprecipitating

(not visible; soluble AG)

1. Simple or precipitating

(visible; insoluble AG)

2. Complex or nonprecipitating

Ex. Body fluids (Saliva) – becomes visible via serologic staining

Incomplete Antigen

Precipitins Soluble ag

IgM

Agglutinins Insoluble ag

IgG

 Soluble AG (small)  Precipitins (clumps)  IgG

Precipitation

 Insoluble AG (large)  Agglutinins (aggregates)  IgM – most efficient

Agglutination

Seen in plasma, serum, body fluids, and cell surfaces

ANTIBODY

Seen in plasma, serum

IgA1

Seen in body fluids

IgA2 S IgA

WBC with a surface AB

B CELL

Can undergo transformation to become PLAMA CELLS

B CELL

 Produces AB  No surface Ig  Has a very large cytoplasm with ABs ready for production

PLAMA CELLS

Are the only WBC with AB on their surfaces

B CELL

Binds plasma cells to plasma cells to inhibit their movement into the cells

Neutralize toxic substances

 Serve as OPSONINS  ABs alone cannot kill the microorg. – only function is to bind to AGs

Facilitate phagocytosis and kill microbes

o Substances that coats the microorg. during phagocytosis (self-eating) o Includes ABs, that binds to microorg. to enhance phagocytosis

OPSONINS

 2 ways of microbial killing:

1. Extravascular destruction 2. Intravascular destruction

 microorg. coated by an AB will be used by macrophages to enhance engulfment of microorg.

Extravascular destruction

 AB is used as a lubricant or OPSOSNINS to coat microorg

Extravascular destruction

 Exposure of microorg.

Extravascular destruction

 Happens outside the BV

Extravascular destruction

 AB coats the microorg. → microorg travels toward the LIVER and the SPLEEN → macrophages kills microorg coated by ABs (PHAGOCYTOSIS)

Extravascular destruction

 microorg. coated by an AB will be used by protein complements system to puncture the surface of microorg o Blood = 90% water o Puncture → entry of water → large volume entering → LYSIS or EXPLOSION

Intravascular destruction

 Happens inside the BV

Intravascular destruction

 AB activates the complement pathway to break surfaces of the microorg = LYSIS

Intravascular destruction

long: 450 amino acids

Heavy chains

short: 220 amino acids

Heavy chains

Light chains ratio

65% : 35% 2:1

 α – alpha  γ – delta  δ – gamma  ε – epsilon  µ – myu

Heavy chains

 κ – kappa  λ – lambda

Light chains

FIRST (?) AA ARE VARIABLE

110

 Intrachain  Interchain

Disulfide bonds

Disulfide bonds – flexibility – defective – in urine

 PROLINE  MULTIPLE MYELOMA  BENCE JONES PROTEIN

a – amino group, variable

Fab fragment

c – carboxylic group, constant

Fc fragment

special sections of AB molecules

DOMAINS

Domains 1. L : 2 – VL, CL 2. H : 4 – VH, CH, CH2, CH3 3. H : 5 – VH, CH, CH2, CH3, CH4, CH5 4. C 5. V

1. L : 2 – VL, CL 2. H : 4 – VH, CH, CH2, CH3 3. H : 5 – VH, CH, CH2, CH3, CH4, CH5 4. C 5. V

3A, 3B Flashcards

(79 cards)