Primary Hepatitis Viruses

Question 1

family Picornaviridae and the genus Hepatovirus

Answer 1

HAV

Question 2

Hepadnaviridae

Answer 2

HBV

Question 3

complete HBV that causes infection

Answer 3

Dane particle

Question 4

“non-A, non-B” hepatitis

Answer 4

HCV

Question 5

Flaviviridae (Hepacivirus)

Answer 5

HCV
HGV

Question 6

Unclassified, single-stranded RNA virus

Answer 6

HDV

Question 7

contains RNA and has an envelope

Answer 7

HGV

Question 8

fecal-oral route

Answer 8

HAV
HEV

Question 9

frequentlyseen in epidemics in areas with poor sanitation

Answer 9

HAV

Question 10

rawshellfish from contaminated water

Answer 10

HAV

Question 11

parenteral routes

Answer 11

HBV
HCV
HDV
HGV

Question 12

sexual contact

Answer 12

HBV
HCV
HGV

Question 13

intravenous drug use

Answer 13

HBV
HDV

Question 14

transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products

contactwith blood

Answer 14

HBV
HCV

HGV

Question 15

cutaneous or mucous membrane exposure
 needlestick injuries
 splashes in the eyes, nose, or mouth

Answer 15

HBV

Question 16

the majority of post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis cases

Answer 16

HCV

Question 17

hemophiliacs

Answer 17

HDV

Question 18

can only occur in the presence of Hepatitis B

Answer 18

HDV

Question 19

causes sporadic and epidemic hepatitis in developing countries such as India, Pakistan, Africa, and Mexico

Answer 19

HEV

Question 20

Average Incubation Period

28 days
2 to 3 months
7 to 8 weeks

Answer 20

HAV
HBV
HCV

Question 21

maybe acute, chronic, or fulminant

Answer 21

HBV

Question 22

the patient may be a chronic asymptomatic carrier

Answer 22

HBV

Question 23

Symptoms:
similar to those seen in HAV infections
jaundice may or may not be present

Answer 23

HBV
HEV
HCV

Question 24

Approximately 95% of all cases are acute

Answer 24

hepatitis B

Question 25

can be complicated by irculating HBV antigen-antibody complexes, which can cause polyarteritis, arthritis, glomerulonephritis, ancreatitis, or cryoglobulinemia

Answer 25

Acute HBV infections

Question 26

can progress to cirrhosis, which may later progress to hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 26

Chronic HBV infections

Question 27

almostalways acute and self-limiting

Answer 27

HAV

Question 28

nocarrier state

Answer 28

HAV

Question 29

Symptoms: vague relatively nonspecific fatigue, malaise, and anorexia jaundice may be present most patients are anicteric

Answer 29

HAV

Question 30

Many cases are subclinical, especially those in children

Answer 30

HAV

Question 31

Symptoms: similar to those seen in HAV and HBV infections

Answer 31

HCV

Question 32

Approximately 50% of patients are chronic carriers

Answer 32

HCV

Question 33

Approximately 20% of these patients develop cirrhosis, and approximately 20% of those patients eventually develop hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 33

HCV

Question 34

associated with immune complex glomerulonephritis

Answer 34

HCV

Question 35

Infection with the two viruses occur simultaneously, as a coinfection or sequentially as a superinfection in chronic HBV carriers

Answer 35

HDV

Question 36

occurs when an individual acquires both HDV and HBV at the same time

Answer 36

Coinfection

Question 37

when a patient with an HBV infection is exposed to HDV

Answer 37

Superinfectionis

Question 38

acute, self-limiting hepatitis without progression to a chronic carrier state; no chronic infection; not associated with hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 38

HEV

Question 39

Relatedto a high rate of mortality in pregnant women

Answer 39

HEV

Question 40

relatively common worldwide, but is believed to be nonpathogenic

Answer 40

HGV

Question 41

↑ alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

Answer 41

HAV HBV HCV

Question 42

↑ total bilirubin

Answer 42

HAV

Question 43

Liver function test

Answer 43

HAV

Question 44

ALT levels peak approximately the same time symptoms appear

Answer 44

HBV

Question 45

Household and sexual contacts of infected persons should receive immune globulin injections within 2 weeks of exposure

Answer 45

HAV

Question 46

A recently developed vaccine is now available

Answer 46

HAV

Question 47

Avoidanceof high-risk behavior -intravenous drug abuse -sexual contact with infected persons

Answer 47

HBV

Question 48

A developed vaccine has been available since 1982

Answer 48

HBV

Question 49

In a health care setting, the ff. can greatly reduce the risk of occupationally acquired HBV

Answer 49

HBV vaccination use of universal precaution

Question 50

theHBV vaccine also protects against

Answer 50

HDV infection

Question 51

No vaccine currently exists

Answer 51

HCV

Question 52

small, RNA-containing picornavirus and the only hepatitis virus that has been successfully grown in culture

Answer 52

HAV

Question 53

simple nonenveloped

Answer 53

HAV

Question 54

nucleocapsid designated as the hepatitis A (HA) antigen (HA Ag)

Answer 54

HAV