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Immunology and Serology [LAB] > Primary Hepatitis Viruses > Flashcards

Primary Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

family Picornaviridae and the genus Hepatovirus

A

HAV

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2
Q

Hepadnaviridae

A

HBV

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3
Q

complete HBV that causes infection

A

Dane particle

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4
Q

“non-A, non-B” hepatitis

A

HCV

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5
Q

Flaviviridae (Hepacivirus)

A

HCV
HGV

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6
Q

Unclassified, single-stranded RNA virus

A

HDV

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7
Q

contains RNA and has an envelope

A

HGV

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8
Q

fecal-oral route

A

HAV
HEV

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9
Q

frequentlyseen in epidemics in areas with poor sanitation

A

HAV

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10
Q

rawshellfish from contaminated water

A

HAV

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11
Q

parenteral routes

A

HBV
HCV
HDV
HGV

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12
Q

sexual contact

A

HBV
HCV
HGV

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13
Q

intravenous drug use

A

HBV
HDV

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14
Q

transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products

contactwith blood

A

HBV
HCV

HGV

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15
Q

cutaneous or mucous membrane exposure
 needlestick injuries
 splashes in the eyes, nose, or mouth

A

HBV

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16
Q

the majority of post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis cases

A

HCV

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17
Q

hemophiliacs

A

HDV

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18
Q

can only occur in the presence of Hepatitis B

A

HDV

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19
Q

causes sporadic and epidemic hepatitis in developing countries such as India, Pakistan, Africa, and Mexico

A

HEV

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20
Q

Average Incubation Period

28 days
2 to 3 months
7 to 8 weeks

A

HAV
HBV
HCV

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21
Q

maybe acute, chronic, or fulminant

A

HBV

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22
Q

the patient may be a chronic asymptomatic carrier

A

HBV

23
Q

Symptoms:
similar to those seen in HAV infections
jaundice may or may not be present

A

HBV
HEV
HCV

24
Q

Approximately 95% of all cases are acute

A

hepatitis B

25
Q

can be complicated by irculating HBV antigen-antibody complexes, which can cause polyarteritis, arthritis, glomerulonephritis, ancreatitis, or cryoglobulinemia

A

Acute HBV infections

26
Q

can progress to cirrhosis, which may later progress to hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Chronic HBV infections

27
Q

almostalways acute and self-limiting

A

HAV

28
Q

nocarrier state

A

HAV

29
Q

Symptoms:
vague
relatively nonspecific
fatigue, malaise, and anorexia
jaundice may be present
most patients are anicteric

A

HAV

30
Q

Many cases are subclinical, especially those in children

A

HAV

31
Q

Symptoms:
similar to those seen in HAV and HBV infections

A

HCV

32
Q

Approximately 50% of patients are chronic carriers

A

HCV

33
Q

Approximately 20% of these patients develop cirrhosis, and approximately 20% of those patients eventually develop hepatocellular carcinoma

A

HCV

34
Q

associated with immune complex glomerulonephritis

A

HCV

35
Q

Infection with the two viruses occur simultaneously, as a coinfection or sequentially as a superinfection in chronic HBV carriers

A

HDV

36
Q

occurs when an individual acquires both HDV and HBV at the same time

A

Coinfection

37
Q

when a patient with an HBV infection is exposed to HDV

A

Superinfectionis

38
Q

acute, self-limiting hepatitis without progression to a chronic carrier state; no chronic infection; not associated with hepatocellular carcinoma

A

HEV

39
Q

Relatedto a high rate of mortality in pregnant women

A

HEV

40
Q

relatively common worldwide, but is believed to be nonpathogenic

A

HGV

41
Q

↑ alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

A

HAV
HBV
HCV

42
Q

↑ total bilirubin

A

HAV

43
Q

Liver function test

A

HAV

44
Q

ALT levels peak approximately the same time symptoms appear

A

HBV

45
Q

Household and sexual contacts of infected persons should receive immune globulin injections within 2 weeks of exposure

A

HAV

46
Q

A recently developed vaccine is now available

A

HAV

47
Q

Avoidanceof high-risk behavior
-intravenous drug abuse
-sexual contact with infected persons

A

HBV

48
Q

A developed vaccine has been available since 1982

A

HBV

49
Q

In a health care setting, the ff. can greatly reduce the risk of occupationally acquired HBV

A

HBV vaccination
use of universal precaution

50
Q

theHBV vaccine also protects against

A

HDV infection

51
Q

No vaccine currently exists

A

HCV

52
Q

small, RNA-containing picornavirus and the only hepatitis virus that has been successfully grown in culture

A

HAV

53
Q

simple nonenveloped

A

HAV

54
Q

nucleocapsid designated as the hepatitis A (HA) antigen (HA Ag)

A

HAV

Immunology and Serology [LAB] (16 decks)

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