Laboratory Activity 1 – Instrumentation in Serology Flashcards
1
Q
coated
A
Solid Phase
1
Q
coated
A
Solid Phase
2
Q
uncoated
A
Liquid Phase
3
Q
Containers of blood, serum, and plasma samples
A
Ordinary Test Tubes
4
Q
Used to contain reactions (transparent)
A
Ordinary Test Tubes
5
Q
For observing BOTH agglutination & hemolysis
A
Ordinary Test Tubes
6
Q
(clotting of different cells)
A
agglutination
7
Q
(test tube is used instead of glass slides)
A
hemolysis
8
Q
For preparing red cell suspension (RCS)
A
Graduated Centrifuge Tube
9
Q
solution containing rbc antigens
A
red cell suspension (RCS)
10
Q
Isotonic solution with RBC antigens (will not cause alterations to red cells)
A
RED CELL SUSPENSION
11
Q
Intact RBC
A
Isotonic solution with RBC antigens
12
Q
Normal saline solution (NSS) concentration
A
0.85% to 0.90% NaCl in H2O
13
Q
for optimum binding of antibody to antigen
A
2 – 5% concentration of NSS
14
Q
Prepare a solution containing RBC only:
A
- Whole blood (RBC w/ Antigens and plasma proteins)
- NSS
15
Q
Number of times NSS is used to wash out plasma proteins
A
(3x)
16
Q
source of RBC antigen
A
RED CELLS
17
Q
Used to dispense pre-determined volumes of solutions (large or small volumes)
A
Serological Pipette
18
Q
Serological Pipette Parts
A
- Tip 2. Stem 3. Mouth
19
Q
Steps: Serological Pipette
A
o Aspirate a volume of liquid.
o Enclose the mouth using the nondominant finger.
o Wipe the sides.
o Calibrate to zero.
o Dispense to a container.
20
Q
DO NOT calibrate using the
A
dominant hand and thumb.
21
Q
Controls the volume of solutions
A
Aspirators
22
Q
Can dispense volumes in microliters
A
Micropipette
23
Q
o Aspirate the 1st stop
o Dispense the 2nd stop
A
Forward pipetting
24
o Aspirate the 2nd stop.
o Dispense the 1st stop.
Reverse pipetting (for viscous solutions)
25
*plasma and serum – not viscous
Forward pipetting
26
Both Dispenses small volume of solutions
Single and Multiple Channel Automatic pipette
27
Can dispense solution per drops
Pasteur pipette
Disposable dispensers
28
With graduations (volumes indicated)
Should be calibrated
Disposable dispensers
29
Free-felling; vertical solutions
Droppers
30
accumulation of antibody = problematic concentration
Slanted Droppers
31
o To make sure that there are no excess antibodies introduced into the tubes
Free-felling; vertical
32
Found in test kits
Stirrer
33
Both for pipetting and stirring
Stirrer
34
Flat end and tubing
Stirrer
35
Can be used for aspirating small volumes of serum/plasma/blood
Tubing
36
o Used for mixing and stirring the contents
Flat end
37
has interaction with the needle portion of the pump
Nozzle
38
for puncturing
Tip
39
used for blood-sampling
Shaft and bevel
40
large samples; Blood donation and blood banking
1. Blood collection
41
small samples
2. Blood sampling
42
Open or closed system
Hypodermic syringe and needle
43
Blood sampling ONLY*
Open system ONLY
Blunt Tip Needle
44
o Not used for collecting multiple samples
o Single collection
Open system ONLY
45
No bevel that helps in the proper insertion of needle to the vein
Blunt Tip Needle
46
For dispensing appropriate or calibrated volume of liquids in drops
Blunt Tip Needle
47
Not used for blood collection
Blunt Tip Needle
48
Same w/ droppers: Free-felling; vertical solutions
Blunt Tip Needle
49
Used for collecting multiple samples
Evacuated tube system
50
to avoid contamination of or carry-over of samples by following order of draw
Closed system
51
A brand Large
Kline Agglutination Slide
52
indicates the max. level of correct mixture
Circles in KAS
53
Has Different colors – to provide contrast
Kline Agglutination Slide
54
– utilizes white bg
o Charcoal: black
55
o For better evaluation
Different colors – to provide contrast
56
For viewing and evaluating agglutination reactions w/ application of contrast
Kline Agglutination Slide
57
indicating presence or absence of agglutination
Qualitative
58
determining the titer (concentration of antibodies)
Titration
59
with depression – to avoid escape of mixtures; to avoid contamination of other wells
Ceramic-ringed slide
60
also used for viewing agglutination rx
Ceramic-ringed slide
61
– agglutination
o Slides
62
– agglutination & hemolysis
o Test tubes
63
o Microtiter plate –
agglutination
64
BOTH agglutination & hemolysis
Ordinary Test Tubes
65
agglutination ONLY
Kline Agglutination Slide
Ceramic-ringed slide
Microtiter plate
Six-cell Agglutination Slide
Plastic Card Slide
Microscope
66
disposable
Plastic Card Slide
67
1 container has 6 wells
Microtiter plate
68
Can contain small volumes of solutions to determine antibody concentration to look for other agglutination rx
Microtiter plate
69
1 aspiration only
Microtiter plate
70
Used by automated machines
Microtiter plate
71
– solid phase testing
1. Open
72
– container only; no rgt/antibody/antigen attached
2. Unopened/closed
73
Serologic rx – visible to naked eye
Microscope
74
Used for evaluating agglutination rx using LPO
Microscope
75
For checking possible microscopic rx
Microscope
76
For viewing microtiter plate
Inverted Microscope
77
For finding compatible organ donor
Inverted Microscope
78
o Top: light source
o Bottom: objectives
Inverted Microscope
79
Antibodies(ABs) – sensitive to temperatures
Water bath
80
o Reacts with enhanced temp
Antibodies(ABs)
81
↑temp
↑ rx
82
– warm-reacting at 37C (to enhance rx of ABs) in test tube
IgG
83
– does not react (cold AB)
IgM
84
Used for distinguishing cold vs. warm AB
Water bath
85
– interfere w/ testing results
Complement components/proteins
86
o Exposed to high temp = (loses chain and becomes non-functional)
HEAT DENATURATION
87
to heat inactivate proteins
o >55C = 56C
88
– to activate complement proteins
o Heat-inactivated serum
89
o Use of metallic plate
o Alternative: hot plate
Water contamination
90
Allows attraction of AB to AG
Mechanical rotator
91
Mechanical rotator Movement:
circular
92
Slides are used to enhance binding of AB to AG
Mechanical rotator
93
(as container of whole AB and AG can be utilized manually at exactly [?])
1 min
94
Application of force to allow binding/movement of AB to AG
A. Using slides
B. Using Test tubes
A. Mechanical rotator
B. Microtiter plate agitator
95
Application of titration to allow mixture of contents
Microtiter plate agitator
96
🤪
97
to enhance binding of AB to AG
A. Slides - 1
B. Test tube - 2
A. Mechanical rotator
B. Microtiter plate agitator
B. Clinical centrifuge
98
Enhances binding of AB to AG using test tubes
Clinical centrifuge
99
CC: for sample prep (plasma, serum)
IS: for enhancing agglutination rx
Clinical centrifuge
100
Test tubes as containers of samples/rgts for enhancing binding/movement of AB to AG
Clinical centrifuge
101
Used for preparation of RCS (washing)
Clinical centrifuge
102
Avoid contaminants
Hot-air sterilizer
Autoclave
103
Uses:
o For sterilizing equipment (heat under pressure)
o For treatment of metal plates
Autoclave
