3rd colloquim -luut

Question 1

Os coxae consists of three bones? And what do they form together? What are its’ parts? By what are these bones joined together at first and what is it replaced by later on when older?

Answer 1

Os ilium
Os pubis
Os ischia

ACETABULUM:
- Fossa acetabuli
- facies lunata
- incisura acetabuli
- foramen obturatum

Up until the age of 16 years these bones are joined together by synchondrosis, which is later replaced by
synostosis.

Question 2

Tell me about os ilium

Answer 2

Two parts: Corpus ilii and ala ossis ilii —> linea arcuata

Ala ossis ilii
- crista iliaca
- Spina iliaca anterior superior/inferior
- Fossa iliaca

Facies glutea: linea glutea posterior/anterior/inferior

Posterior region:
- Facies sacropelvina
- Facies auricularis
- tuberositas iliaca

Question 3

Tell me about os ischii

Answer 3

2 parts: corpus ossis ischii (forms posterior 1/3 of acetabulum), ramus ossis ischii (fuses with
ramus inferior ossis pubis).

Ramus:
- tuber ischiadicum
- spina ishiadica
- incisura ischiadica minor/major

Question 4

Tell me about os pubis

Answer 4

3 parts: corpus ossis pubis (forms anterior 1/3 of acetabulum), ramus superior ossis pubis and
ramus inferior ossis pubis.

Superior:
- pecten ossis pubis
- sulcus obturatorius
- tuberculum pubicum
- facies symphialis

Question 5

What synchondrosis is in the lower Limb?

Answer 5

Until age of 16 between corpus os ilium, os ischii, os pubis. Can be also found between Ramus ossis ischii and Ramus inferior ossis pubis

Question 6

What syndesmoses are there in the lower limb?

Answer 6

• MEMBRANA obturatoria (closes foramen obturatum expect sulcus obturatorius for blood vessels and nervers passes canalis obturatorius)
  -> lig. Sacrospinale (os sacrum to spina ischiadica)
  -> lig. Sacrotuberale (os sacrum to tuber ischiadicum)

Question 7

What diarthroses are in the pelvis?

Answer 7

Art. Sacroiliac (art.plana, amphiarthrosis)
B. Facies auricularis ossis ilii/sacri

-> capsula articularis
-> lig. Sacroiliacum anterius/posterius/interosseum

Question 8

What hemiarthrosis are in pelvis? What does it translate to in English?

Answer 8

Transitional joint:

Symphysis pubica
B. Facies symphysialis ossis pubis. They are joined by fibrous cartilage and discus interpubicus

-> lig. pubicum superius/inferior

—> posterior surface has eminentia retropubica

Question 9

Pelvis major walls and measurements

Answer 9

ASK FROM KNIPSE more specific ones!!

Pars posterior: vertebra lumbales 4-5 and junctions between them

Pars lateralis: ala ossis ilii dextra and sinistra

• Distantia intercristalis: crista iliaca dextra et sinistra, 28-29cm
• Distantia interspinosum: spina iliaca anterior superior dextra et sinistra, 25-27cm
• Distantia interchaterica: between trochanter major dextra and sinistra, 30-32cm

Question 10

What is between pelvis minor and major ?

Answer 10

Linea terminalis

Question 11

Apertura pelvis superior structures?

Answer 11

1. Promontorium
2. Art. Sacroiliaca
3. Linea arcuata
4. Eminentia iliopubica
5. Pecten ossis pubis
6. Tuberculum pubicum
7. Lig. Pubicum superius

Question 12

Pelvis minor walls and measurements

Answer 12

Paries posterior: os sacrum, os coccygis, juncture sacrococcygea

Paries laterales: foramen ischiadicum majus et minus

Paries anterior: Ramus superior and inferior ossis pubis, Ramus ossis ischii, membrana obturatoria, symphysis pubica

Measurements:
- Diameter transversa 13,5cm: furthest points of linea arcuata
- Diameter oblique: b. Art sacroiliaca and the opposite eminentia iliopubica 12,5cm
- conjugata anatomica: b. Promontorium and upper margins of symphysis pubica 11,5cm
- conjugata Vera: b. Promontorium and eminentia retropubica 10,5-11cm
- conjugata diagonalis: b. Promontorium and lower margins of symphysis pubica 12,5-13cm

Question 13

What does female pelvis have compared to male?

Answer 13

Arcus pubicus between right and left lower Ramus inferior ossis pubis

Male has angulus subpubicus -> male is also smaller narrower and higher than female pelvis.

Question 14

Apertura pelvis minor structures:

Answer 14

1. Os coccygis
2. lig.sacrotuberale
3. Tuber ischiadicum
4. Ramus ossis ischii
5. Ramus inferior ossis pubis
6. Lig. Pubicum inferius

Question 15

Tell me femur parts

Answer 15

Caput femoris
Fovea capitis femoris
Collum femoris
Trochanter major/minor
Fossa trochanterica
Linea intertrochanterica
Crista intertrochanterica
Linea pectinea
Tuberositas glutea
Linea aspera: labium laterale/mediale
Facies poplitea
Condylus medialis/lateralis
Epicondylus medialis/lateralis
Facies patelaris
Fossa intercondylaris

Question 16

Patella regions

Answer 16

Basis patellae
Apex patellae
Facies articularis

LARGEST OS SESAMOIDEUM

Question 17

Tibia parts

Answer 17

Condylus medialis/lateralis
Facies articularis fibularis/superior
Eminentia intercondylaris
Area intercondylaris anterior/posterior
Tuberositas tibiae
Facies medialis/lateralis/posterior
Linea m. Solei
Margo interosseus/anterior/medialis
Malleolus medialis
Facies articularis malleoli/inferior
Sulcus malleolaris
Incisura fibularis

Question 18

Fibula parts

Answer 18

Caput fibulae
Facies articularis capitis fibulae
Apex capitis fibulae
Malleolus lateralis
Facies articularis malleoli lateralis
Fossa malleoli lateralis

Question 19

Tarsus bones

Answer 19

Talus
Calcaneus
Os naviculare
Os cuboideum
Os cuneiforme medialle/intermedium/laterale

—> metatarsus
—> digiti pedis

Question 20

Space between ossa metatarsi

Answer 20

Spatia interossea

(5 ossa metatarsi: basis, corpus, caput)

Question 21

Digiti pedis parts

Answer 21

Phalanx proximalis/media/distalis
Basis, corpus, caput ossa digitorum pedis

TUBEROSITAS PHALANX DISTALIS

Question 22

What does caput ossis metatarsi primi have?

Answer 22

Ossa sesamoidea

Question 23

Talus parts

Answer 23

Caput tali
Collum tali
Corpus tali
Trochlea tali
Facies malleolaris medialis/lateralis
Facies superior tali
Sulcus tali

Question 24

Calcaneus parts

Answer 24

Corpus calcanei
Tuber calcanei
Sustentaculum tali
Sulcus calcanei

Question 25

What articulatio type is art. Coxae?

Answer 25

Art. Cotylica = Enarthrosis

Question 26

Where does art. Coxae articulate? What ligaments does it have? What movement can be done with this articulatio?

Answer 26

b. Facies articularis capitis femoris & Facies lunata acetabuli * attached to linea intertrochanterica and crista intertrochanterica 2 ligg. intracapsularia in cavitas articularis: -> lig. Transversum acetabuli: connects the ends of facies lunata acetabuli and crosses incisura acetabuli -> lig. Capitis femoris: extends from Fossa acetabuli and attaches lig. Transversum acetabuli to fovea capitis femoris 4 Ligg. extracapsularia: -> lig. iliofemorale: b. spina iliaca anterior inferior and linea intertrochanterica -> lig. Pubofemorale: b. ramus superior ossis pubis and linea intertrochanterica -> lig. ischiofemorale: b. Corpus ossis ischii and fossa trochanterica -> zona orbicularis: around collum femoris and attaches to spina iliaca anterior inferior Flexio & extensio Abductio/adductio Rotatio interna & externa Circumduktio femoris

Question 27

What ligaments are intracapsularia in art. coxae?

Answer 27

Lig. Transversum acetabuli connects the ends of lunata acetabuli and crosses incisura acetabuli Lig. Capitis femoris: extends from fossa acetabuli and attaches Lig. Transversum acetabuli to fovea capitis femoris

Question 28

What is the articulation between femur, tibia and patella?

Answer 28

Art. Genus (ginglymus) b. - Facies articularis condyli medialis femoris and facies articularis superior condyli medialis tibiae - facies articularis condyli lateralis femoris and facies articularis superior condyli lateralis tibiae - facies articularis patellae and facies patelaris femoris

Question 29

What is between tibia and femur?

Answer 29

Meniscus medialis (semi-circular) /lateralis (circular)

Question 30

Art. Genus ligaments?

Answer 30

3 ligg. intracapsularia - Lig. Transversum genus joins two menisci in front - Lig. Cruciatum anterius: from condyli lateralis femoris to area intercondylaris anterior tibia - Lig. Cruciatum posterius: medialis ~ posterior 7 ligg. extracapsularia - Lig. Collaterale tibiale: epicondylus medialis femoris to condyli medialis tibia and facies medialis tibia - Lig. Collaterale fibulare from epicondylus lateralis femoris to latelar side if caput fibula - Lig. Patellae continuation of tendon m. quadriceps femoris - Retinaculum patellae mediale/laterale: fibers of m. Vastus medialis/lateralis and m. Recurs femoris - Lig. Popliteum obliquum: dorsal: condyli lateralis femoris to condyle medialis tibia - Lig. Popliteum arcuatum: dorsal: Caput fibulae to lig. Popliteum obliquum

Question 31

Art genus movements

Answer 31

Flexio/extensio Rotatio interna/externa Circumduktio cruris

Question 32

What are on the both sides of patellae and below?

Answer 32

2 plicae alares and below plica synovialis infrapatellaris

Question 33

What are intracapsularia in art. Genus?

Answer 33

Lig. Transversum genus: joins two menisci in front Lig. Cruciatum anterius: from condyli lateralis to area intercondylaris anterior tibia Lig. Cruciatum posterius: medialis ~ posterior

Question 34

All the bursas in the knee joint?

Answer 34

Bursa Suprapatellaris Bursa Musculi poplitei Anserina Bursa Subtendinea musculi gastrocnemii medialis Bursa Subcutanea prepatellaris: - skin and facies anterior patella Bursa Subfascialis prepatellaris: - deep to fascia Subtendinea prepatellaris: - deep to the tendon Bursa Subcutanea infrapatellaris: - skin and tuberositas tibiae Bursa Infrapatellaris profunda: - b. Lig. Patella and facies anterior tibiae

Question 35

What’s between fibula and tibia?

Answer 35

Art. Tibiofibularis (art. Plana, amphiarthrosis) B. Facies articularis fibularis tibias & facies articularis capitis fibulae * -> lig. Capitis fibulae anterius/posterius Membrana interossea cruris lies in spatium interosseum cruris and attaches Margo interosseum tibiae et fibulae + SYNDESMOSIS TIBIOFIBULARIS B. Incisura fibularis tibiae and epiphysis distalis fibula —> lig. Tibiofibulare anterius/posterius

Question 36

Articulatio between tibia and talus? (And fibula) movements?

Answer 36

Art. talocruralis (ginglymus) * - Facies superior tail and facies articularis inferior tibiae - facies malleolaris medialis tali and facies articularis malleoli medialis tibiae - facies malleolaris lateralis tali and facies articularis malleoli lateralis fibulae —> lig. Collaterale mediale s. Deltoideum - from malleolus medialis and divides into 4 parts: —- pars tibiotalaris anterior (to Caput tali) —- pars tibiotalaris posterior (to corpus tali) —- pars tibionavicularis (to os naviculare) —- pars tibiocalcanea (to sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus) —> lig. Collaterale laterale: consists • lig. Talofibulare anterius (from malleolus lateralis to Caput tali) • lig. Talofibulare posterius (from malleolus lateralis to posterior end of talus) • lig. Calcaneofibulare (from malleolus lateralis to lateral surface of calcaneus) FLEXIO/EXTENSIO PEDIs

Question 37

Between calcaneus And talus

Answer 37

Art. Subtalaris (art. Plana, amphiarthrosis) * - facies articularis calcanea posterior tali & facies articularis talaris posterior calcanei —> lig. Talocalcaneum mediale/laterale

Question 38

Between talus, calcaneus And os naviculare? Movements?

Answer 38

Art. Talocalcaneonavicularis (art.spheroidea) * -> lig. Calcaneonaviculare plantare -> lig. Talocalcaneum interosseum Supinatio cum adductio pedis Pronatio cum abductio pedisq

Question 39

Between calcaneus And os cuboideum?

Answer 39

Art. Calcaneocuboidea * -> lig. Bifurcatum attaches to calcaneus And divides in front in a Y-shaped manner into lig. Calcaneonaviculare And lig. Calcaneocuboideum -> lig. Calcaneicuboideum plantare extends from the forepart of calcaneus to plantar surface of os cuboideum -> lig. Plantare longum: from in front of the tuber calcanei to plantar surface of ossa metatarsi 2-5

Question 40

The one articulation that connects two articulations?

Answer 40

Art. Tarsi transversa s. choparti — Art. Talonavicularis & Art. Calcaneocuboidea -> lig. Calcaneonaviculare -> lig. Calcaneocuboideum (combined to lig. bifurcatum)

Question 41

Between ossa cuneiforme And os naviculare?

Answer 41

Art. Cuneonavicularis (art. Plana)* -> ligg. Tarsi dorsalia/plantaria/interossea

Question 42

Between os cuboideum, ossa cuneiformia and basis ossis metatarsales?

Answer 42

Artt. Tarsometatarsalss s. Art. Lisfranci —> ligg. Tarsometatarsalia dorsalia/plantaria/ interossea

Question 43

The base of four metatarsals connected: basis ossis metatarsales articulatio?

Answer 43

Art. Intermetatarsales * -> ligg. Metatarsalia dorsalia/plantaria/interossea

Question 44

Between Caput ossis metatarsi and basis phalangis proximalis

Answer 44

Artt. Metatarsophalangeae * —> ligg. Collateralia/plantaria/metatarsale transversum profundum Flexio/extensio digitorum Abductio/adduktio digitorum (2-5) Circumduktio digitorum

Question 45

Basis phalangis and caput phalangis? And movement?

Answer 45

Artt. Interphalangeae pedis (ginglymus) * —> ligg. Collateralia/plantaria Flexio/extensio phalangis media/distalis

Question 46

Ambutation parts on foot

Answer 46

Artt. tarsometatarsales s. art. Lisfranci b. Os cuboideum and Ossa cuneiformia (laterale, intermedium and mediale) and Basis ossis metatarsales --> Ligg. tarsometatarsalia dorsalia --> Ligg. tarsometatarsalia plantaria --> Ligg. cuneometatarsalia interossea Art. tarsi transversa s. Choparti - Art. talonavicularis ( b. Os naviculare, Talus, and Calcaneus - Capsula articularis --> Lig. calcaneonaviculare plantare connects sustentaculum tali with ossa naviculare --> Lig. talocalcaneum interosseum from talus to calcaneus in the tarsal sinus supinatio cum adductio pedis pronatio cum abductio pedis) and Art. calcaneocuboidea: (b. calcaneus and os cuboideum - Capsula articularis --> Lig. bifurcatum attaches to calcaneus and divides in front in a Y-shaped manner into lig.calcaneonaviculare (to os naviculare) and lig. calcaneocuboideum (to os cuboideum) --> Lig. calcaneocuboideum plantare extends from the forepart of calcaneus to plantar surface of os cuboideum --> Lig. plantare longum from in front of the tuber calcanei to plantar surface of ossa metatarsi II - V) --> Lig. calcaneonaviculare --> Lig. calcaneocuboideum

Question 47

Plantare ligaments

Answer 47

3: Lig. Plantare longum Lig. Calcaneocuboideum plantare Lig. Calcaneonaviculare plantare also: Ligg. tarsi plantaria, Ligg. tarsometatarsalia plantaria, Ligg. metatarsalia plantaria, Ligg. plantaria

Question 48

Where is Lig. Talocalcaneum interosseum?

Answer 48

Lig. talocalcaneum interosseum from talus to calcaneus in the TARSAL SINUS

Question 49

Foramen ischiadicum major wall

Answer 49

Incisura ischiadicum major

Question 50

Hemiarthrosis in pelvis

Answer 50

The only one is symphysis pubica where both facies symphysialis ossis pubis are joined by fibrous cartilage or discus interpubicus.(what is inside discus interpubicus?!)

Question 51

What bursas are connected to articularis cavity in genus?

Answer 51

Suprapatellaris Anserina Musculi poplitea Subtendinea musculi gastrocnemii medialis

Question 52

What bursas are not in articular cavity?

Answer 52

Subcutanea prepatellaris Subfascialis prepatellaris Subtendinea prepatellaris Subcutanea infrapatellaris Infrapatellaris profunda

Question 53

What is eminentia iliopubicas purpose?

Answer 53

The point of junction between os ilium and os pubis is indicated by eminentia iliopubica.

Question 54

What is lig. sacrospinale and -tuberale purpose?

Answer 54

Both ligaments complete incisura ischiadica minor into foramen ischiadicum minus, but lig. sacrospinale completes incisura ischiadicum majus into foramen ischiadicum majus.

Question 55

How are synostoses developed (in the lower limb?)

Answer 55

Develop after the ossification of synchondroses. For example os coxae.

Question 56

What diarthroses are in the pelvis? What does it translate to again in English?

Answer 56

Discontinuous bone junctions The only one is Art. sacroiliaca (art. plana = plane, amphiarthrosis) which articular surfaces are: Facies auricularis ossis sacri and Facies auricularis ossis ilii - Capsula articularis --> Lig. sacroiliacum anterius --> Lig. sacroiliacum posterius --> Lig. sacroiliacum interosseum

Question 57

What does os navicular articulate with? What is the anterior surface? How many articular surfaces for ossa cuneiformia?

Answer 57

Os naviculare has concaved posterior surface. It articulates with caput tali. Anterior surface is convex. 3 articular surfaces for 3 ossa cuneiformia.