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Anatomy > 4th Colloquim - muscle > Flashcards

4th Colloquim - muscle Flashcards

1
Q

The main chest muscle

A

Musculus pectoralis major
- Pars clavicularis: O. Extremitas sternalis claviculae
- pars sternocostalis: o. Facies anterior sterni, cartilagines costarum 2-7
- pars abdominalis: o. Lamina anterior vaginae musculi recti abdominis

I. Crista tuberculi Majoris
F. Adductio brachii
Rotatio interna brachii
Flexio brachii - pars clavicularis

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2
Q

The smaller chest muscle

A

Musculi pectoralis minor

O. Facies externa costarum 3-5
I. Processus coracoideus scapulae
F. Moves scapula downwards and medially

In case of hyperventilation breathing elevates ribs

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3
Q

In case of hyperventilation —> which muscle works in the chest?

A

Musculus pectoralis minor

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4
Q

The smallest muscle in the chest

A

Musculus subclavius

O. Facies superior costae prima
I. Facies inferior claviculae
F. Elevatio costae prima and depression clavicula

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5
Q

What goes under the scapulae?

A

Musculus serratus anterior

O. Facies externae costarum 1-9
I. Margo medialis angulus inferior scapulae
F. Rotatio scapulae et elevation brachii

Fix scapula to thoracic wall

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6
Q

Which can fix scapula to thoracic wall?

A

Musculus serratus anterior and Musculus rhomboideus minor & major

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7
Q

What are Superficial muscles of thoracica?

A

musculi superficialis thoracis
- Musculus pectoralis major
- Musculus pectoralis minor
- Musculus subclavius
- Musculus serratus anterior

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8
Q

What are the deep muscles of thoracica?

A

Musculi profundi thoracis

  • musculi intercostales externi
  • musculi intercostales interni
  • musculi subcostales
  • musculi levatores costarum
  • musculus transversus thoracis
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9
Q

What muscle is in the posterior wall of abdomen?

A
  • Musculus quadratus lumborum

O. Crista iliaca
I. Costa duodecima (12)
F. Extensio trunci, Lateroflexio trunci

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10
Q

What muscles are in the lateral wall of abdomen?

A

Musculus obliquus externus abdominis

Musculus obliquus internus abdominis

Musculus transversus abdominis

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11
Q

What muscles are on the anterior wall of abdomen?

A

Musculus rectus abdominis

Musculus pyramidalis

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12
Q

What are the fascists abdominis? And structures between.

A

Fascia superficialis abdominis / Fascia scarpi

Fascia propria abdominis / Fascia investines
- lamina superficialis,

—> m. Obliquus externus abdominis

-(inter)media,

—> m. Obliquus internus abdominis

-profunda

—> m. Transversus abdominis

Fascia transversalis

Peritoneum

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13
Q

What is the vagina in abdomen?

A

Vagina musculi recti abdominis

  • lamina anterior:
    —> above umbilicus
    ~ aponeurosis m. Oblique externi and interni abdominis

—> below umbilicus
~ aponeurosis m. Oblique externi/interni abdominis & aponeurosis m. Transversi abdominis

  • lamina posterior:
    —> above umbilicus
    ~ aponeurosis m. Oblique interni abdominis, aponeurosis m. Transversi abdominis

—> below umbilicus
~ fascia transversalis & peritoneum

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14
Q

What fulfills the vertebra column and cartilagines costarum? Which direction are the fibers?

A

Musculi intercostales externi

O. Margo inferior of upper costae
I. Margo superior of lower costae
F. Elevatio costarum, inspiration

Fibers forward and medially = fingers when you put hands in your pocket

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15
Q

What muscle is in the intercostales space? Which direction are the fibers?

A

Musculi intercostales interni

  • from sternum till angulus costarum

O. Margo superior of lower costae
I. Margo inferior of upper costae
F. Move ribs laterally and downwards, expiration

Fibers upwards and medially

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16
Q

What intercostale space muscle jumps over one rib?

A

Musculi subcostales

O. Margo superior of lower costae
I. Margo inferior of upper costae, jump over one rib
F. Move ribs laterally and downwards, expiration (uloshengitys)

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17
Q

What deep thoracic muscle is only on the posterior side?

A

Musculi levatores costarum

O. Pt. C7 and T1-11

I. Facies externa costarum

F. Elevatio costales, inspiration

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18
Q

What muscle lies on top of membrana intercostales externa?

A

Musculus transversus thoracis

O. Facies posterior processus xiphoidei et corporis sterni
I. Internal surface of costarum 2-6
F. Move arcus costalis together, expiration muscle

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19
Q

What are the abdomen side muscles that go downwards?

A

Musculus obliquus externus abdominis

O. External costarum 5-12

I. Labium externum of crista iliaca, ligamentum inguinale, linea alba, vagina m. Recti abdominis

F. Bilaterally: flexio trunci
Unilaterally: lateroflexio, torsio trunci

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20
Q

What are the abdomen side muscles that goes upward?

A

Musculus obliquus internus abdominis

O. Fascia thoracolumbalis
Crista iliaca
Ligamentum inguinale

I. Margo inferior costarum 10-12
Linea alba
Vagina m. Recti abdominis

F. Bilaterally: flexio trunci
Unilaterally: lateroflexio trunci

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21
Q

What is the muscle that goes horizontally on the side of abdomen?

A

Musculus transversus abdominis

O. Ligamentum inguinale
Crista iliaca
Fascia thoracolumbalis
Costarum 7-12

I. Above linea arcuata: posterior lamina
Below linea arcuata: Anterior lamina

F. Abdominal press: expiration

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22
Q

What are the abdomen muscles (sixpack)?

A

Musculus rectus abdominis

O. Processus xiphoideus
Cartilagines costarum 5-7

I. Ramus superior os pubis

F. Flexio trunci

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23
Q

What are the small muscles under six pack?

A

Musculus pyramidalis

O. Ramus superior os pubis
I. Linea alba
F. Stretches linea alba

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24
Q

What are the superficial muscles on the posterior side of the upper body?

A

Musculi superficiales dorsi

Musculus trapezius
Musculus Latisiimus dorsi
Musculus rhomboideus minor & major
Musculus levator scapulae
Musculus serratus posterior superior & inferior

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25
Q

What are the deep muscles of dorsi?

A

Musculi profundi dorsi

Musculi occipitovertebrales (4)
Musculi breves (3)
Musculi longi (9)

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26
Q

What does origo mean?

A

Proximal attachment, point that does not lead to movement of bone

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27
Q

What does insertion mean?

A

Distal attachment, point that moves a bone

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28
Q

What does F. Mean?

A

Functio= what the muscle does

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29
Q

Muscle on top of scapula

A

Musculus trapezius

O. Protuberantia occipitalis externa
Linea nucheae superior
Ligamentum nuchae
ps. T (Processus spinosi vertebrae thoracic)

I. Spina scapulae
Acromion
Extremitas acromialis claviculae

F. The upper part = pars descendes: elevates the scapula
The middle part = pars transversa: move scapula and clavicle backwards medially towards the vertebral column
The lower part = pars ascendes: depresses the scapula

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30
Q

Upper part in Latin?
Middle and lower

A

Pars descendes/transversa/ascendes

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31
Q

Superficial big lower back muscle

A

Musculus latisiimus dorsi

O. Crista iliaca
Fascia thoracolumbalis
ps. T7-12
Facies externae costarum 9-12

I. Crista tuberculi minoris humeri

F. Adduction/extension/rotation interna brachii

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32
Q

The two superficial muscles that lie underneath Musculus trapezius (smaller and bigger)

A

Musculus rhomboideus minor
O. Ps. C6-7
I. Margo medialis scapulae
F. Fix the scapula to the thorax and pull it towards the spine

Musculus rhomboideus major
O. Ps. T1-4
I. Margo medialis scapulae
F. Fix the scapula to the thorax and pull it towards to the spine

33
Q

Suorat niskalihakset?

A

Musculus levator scapulae

O. Tuberculum posterius
Pt. C1-4
I. Angulus superior scapulae
F. Elevatio of scapula

34
Q

The two superficial muscles in the back that upper one lies underneath Musculus trapezius and the lower one underneath Musculus latisiimus dorsi

A

Musculus serratus posterior superior

O. ps. C6-7, T1-2
I. Facies externae costarum (2-5)
F. Elevatio costarum

Musculus serratus posterior inferior

O. ps. T11-12, L1-2
I. Facies externae costarum (9-12)
F. Depressio costarum

35
Q

The muscles in the back of the head?

A

Musculi occipitovertebrales

  • Musculus rectus capitis posterior minor o. Atlas I. Linea nuchae inferior
  • Musculus rectus capitis posterior major: o. Processus spinosus axis, I. Linea nuchea inferior
  • Musculus obliquus capitis inferior: o. Processus spinosus axis, i. Processus transversus Atlantis
  • Musculus obliquus capitis superior: o. Processus transversus atlantis, I. Linea nuchae inferior

F. FOR ALL: extensio capitis, lateroflexio capitis

36
Q

What three systems does musculi breves have in the back?

A
  1. System intertransversale
    - musculi intertransversarii: b. Two processus transversus:
    F. Unilateral: lateroflexion, bilateraalisia: extension
  2. Systema interspinale
    - musculi interspinales: b. Two Processus spinosus
    F. Segmental extension
  3. Systema transversospinale
    - musculi rotatores breves: b. Processus spinosus And transversus (it can attach to the next ones transversus or jump over one)
    F. Unilateral: segmental lateroflexion, rotation And bilateraalisia: segmental extension
37
Q

What muscles collaborate in the segmental extension?

A

Musculi interspinales And musculi rotatores breves plus systema transversospinale.

38
Q

Systema intertransversale (long muscles)

A

Musculus iliocostalis (all)
- pars lumbalis
O. Crista iliaca
I. Angulus costae (6th lower costae)

-pars thoracica
O. Angulus costae (6th lower costae)
I. angulus costae ( 6th upper costae)

  • pars cervicalis
    O. Angulus costae (6th upper costae)
    I. pt. C6-3

Musculi longissumus
- pars thoracis:
O. Os Sacrum, crista iliaca,
Ps. L
I. Costa 2-12: vertebra toracis processus transversi

-pars cervicis
O. Pt. T6-1
I. Pt. C5-2

  • pars capitis
    O. pt. T3-C3
    I. Proc mastoideus

F. FOR ALL: lateroflexio And extensio

39
Q

What is the length and diameter for canalis inguinalis?

A

length: 4-5cm
Diameter: female 0,5cm, male 1,0cm

40
Q

What runs through canalis inguinalis in male?

A

funiculus spermaticus

41
Q

What extends through canalis inguinalis in female?

A

Ligamentum teres uteri

42
Q

Prelum abdominale (facies interna) PLICAS

A

Plica umbilicalis mediana: ligamentum umbilicals medianum

Plica umbilicalis medialis: ligamentum umbilicale mediale

Plica umbilicalis lateralis: arteries et veins epigastrica inferior

43
Q

Prelum abdominale (facies interna) FOSSA

A

Fossa supravesicalis dextra et sinistra:
~ Margo medialis - plica umbilicalis mediana
~ Margo lateralis - plica umbilicalis medialis
~ Margo inferior - vesica urinaria

Fossa inguinalis medialis dextra et sinistra (hernia canal for direct inguinal hernias)
~ Margo medialis - plica umbilicalis medialis
~ Margo lateralis - plica umbilicalis lateralis
~ Margo inferior - ligamentum inguinale

Fossa inguinalis lateralis dextra et sinistra
~ Margo medialis - plica umbilicalis lateralis
~ Margo inferior - ligamentum inguinale

44
Q

Canalis inguinalis walls

A

Paries anterior:
- aponeurosis Musculus oblique externi abdominis

Paries posterior:
- Fascia transversalis
- peritoneum

Paries superior:
- Musculus obliquus internus abdominis
- Musculus transversus abdominis (lower margins)

Paries inferior:
- ligamentum inguinale

45
Q

Canalis inguinalis openings

A

Anulus inguinalis superficialis (projections in Fossa inguinalis medialis)
~ Margo superior - curs mediale
~ Margo inferior - curs laterale
~ Margo medialis - ligamentum reflexum
~ Margo lateralis - Fibrae intercrurales

Anulus inguinalis profundus (hernia canal for indirect inguinal hernia)
~ localize in Fossa inguinalis lateralis

46
Q

What is below ligamentum inguinale in the medial corner of lacuna vasorum?

A

Canalis femoralis = hernia canal for femoral hernia

47
Q

Canalis femoralis walls

A

Paries medialis
~ Musculi pectineus
~ Fascia pectinea

Paries lateralis:
~ vena femoralis

Paries anterior:
~ Cornu superius fasciae latae

48
Q

What is anulus femoralis covered by?

A

Peritoneum
Septum femorale
Nodus lymphaticus inguinalis profundus s. Nodus lymphaticus pirogowi

49
Q

What is the superficial opening in anulus femoralis?

A

Hiatus saphenous
Covered by fascia cribrosa

50
Q

What is the ring around canalis femoralis?

A

Anulus femoralis:
~ Margo anterior - ligamentum inguinale
~ Margo posterior - ligamentum pectineale (= connective tissue covering pecten ossis pubis)
~ Margo medialis - ligamentum lacunare (=ending of ligamentum inguinale)
~ Margo lateralis - vena femoralis

51
Q

What are the long muscles in the back?

A

Musculus iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum)
Musculi longissumus (thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

Musculi spinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)

Musculi rotatores longi
Musculi multifidi breves
Musculi multifidi longi
Musculi semispinales

Musculi splenius cervicis
Musculus splenius capitis

52
Q

Musculi longi 1st system? And functio And its muscles?

A

Systema intertransversale:

Musculi iliocostalis
- pars lumbalis: o. Crista iliaca, i. Angulus costae (6th lower costae)
- pars thoracica: o. Angulus costae (6th lower costae) i. Angulus costae (6th upper costae)
- pars cervicalis: o. Angulus costae (6th upper costae) i. Pt. C6-3

Musculi longissumus
- pars thoracis: o. Os sacrum, crista iliaca, vertebra lumbales (proc. Spinosi) i. Costa 2-12, vertebra toracis (proc. Transversus)
- pars cervicis: o. pt. T6-1 i. Pt. C5-2
- pars capitis: o. pt. T3-C3 i. Processus mastoideus

FUNCTIO: lateroflexio et extensio

53
Q

What is the 2nd long muscles system?

A

2) systema interspinale

Musculi spinalis
- pars capitis: o. Ps. T3-1, C7-6
i. Squama ossis occipitalis
- pars cervicis: o. Ps. T3-1, C7-6 i. Ps. C5-2
-pars thoracis: o. Ps. L2-1, T12-10 i. Ps. T9-2
- also pars lumbalis

F. Unilaterally: lateroflexion
Bilaterally: extension

54
Q

What do two first systemas of long muscles form together? And what is its function?

A

Systema intertransversale + interspinale = musculi erector spinae

F. Extension Trunci

55
Q

What’s the third systema of long muscles in the back?

A

3) systems transversospinale
- from processus transversus to processus spinosus

Musculi rotatores longi: jump over one vertebra
Musculi multifidi breves: jump over two vertebra
Musculi multifidi longi: jump over three
Musculi semispinales: jump over 4-5 vertebra

F. Unilaterally: segmental lateroflexion
Bilaterally: segmental extension

56
Q

What’s the fourth systema of long muscles in the back?

A

4) systema spinotransversale
- musculus splenius Cervicis O. Ps. T6-T3 ja I. Pt. C1 ja V2

  • musculus splenius Capitis O. Ps. T3-C3 ja I. Proc. Mastoideus

F. Unilaterally: lateroflexion, rotation of the cervical part of the vertebral column
Bilaterally: extension of the cervical part of the vertebral column

57
Q

Direct hernia And indirect hernia difference

A

Direct comes out straight from anulus inguinalis superficialis

Indirect hernia goes through anulus inguinalis profunda to superficialis

58
Q

Vagina musculi recti abdominis

A

Lamina anterior and posterior

59
Q

What is above and what is below ligamentum inguinale?

A

Above canalis inguinalis
Below canalis femoralis

60
Q

All the places where is fascia thoracolumbalis:

A

musculus obliquus internus, musculus transversus abdominis, Musculus latisiimus dorsi

61
Q

Adduction brachii?

A

musculus pectoralis major and Musculus latisiimus dorsi

62
Q

What muscles are connected to Margo medialis scapulae?

A

Margo medialis scapulae is insertio to musculus serratus anterior and Musculus rhomboideus minor/major

63
Q

What is the other name for diaphragma?

A

Phren

64
Q

What is the shape of diaphragma? Where is it?

A

Dome, between Thoracic and abdominal cavity

65
Q

Diaphragma projections:

A

Dexter: costa 4
Sinister: costa 5
Centrum tendineum - central
Pars muscularis - peripherical:

  1. Pars sternalis (o. Facies posterior processus xiphoideus)
  2. Pars costalis (o. Facies interna costarum 7-12)
  3. Pars lumbalis:
    a. Crus mediale dextrum: L1-L4
    b. Crus mediale sinistrum: L1-3
    c. Crus intermedium dextrum & sinistrum: L2
    d. Crus laterale dextrum & sinistrum: lig. Actuation mediale & laterale
66
Q

Openings of the phren:

A

Hiatus aorticus
Hiatus oesophagus
Foramen venue cavae

67
Q

Coverings of phren

A

Superiorly:
- fascia endothoracica
- Pleura diaphragmatica

Inferiorly:
- fascia diaphragmatica
- Peritoneum

68
Q

Diaphagram functions:

A
  • respiratory: 100% ventilation of the lower lobes of the lungs and 40-50% of the upper
  • supporting thricacic and abdominal organs
  • motor function
69
Q

Main and additional respiratory muscles

A

Main: m. Intercostales interni/externi, subcostales, levatores costarum, transversus abdominis

Additional: m. Serratus, pectoralis minor/major (m. Transversus thoracis expiration)

70
Q

The weak points of abdomen

A

… are the sites at which hernias tend to develop:

Canalis inguinalis 67%
Anulus umbilicalis 9%
Canalis femoralis 3%
Linea alba 1%
Trigonum lumbale

71
Q

Which muscles are involved in inspiration?

A
  • Musculus intercostales externi, Musculus levatores costarum (musculus pectoralis minor, in case of hyperventilation)
72
Q

Which muscles are involved in expiration?

A

Musculus transversus thoracis, Musculus intercostales interni, musculus transversus abdominis, Musculus subcostales

73
Q

Anulus umbilicus

A

Peritoneum
Fascia transversalis
Fascia abdominalis propria
Subcutis
Cutis

74
Q

What is peritoneum?

A

It covers all the walls of abdomen cavity

75
Q

What’s interesting about canalis femoralis?

A

It only occurs in case of hernia (3 times often in female)
Lies below lig. Inguinale in laguna vasorum

76
Q

Site of weakness of Phren

A

Trigonum sternocostales dextrum & sinistrum

Trigonum lumbocostale

Hiatus oesophagi

77
Q

Which are involved in scapulas movement?

A
  • musculus pectoralis minor, musculus rhomboideus minor/major, musculus levator scapulae, musculus trapezius
78
Q

What muscles are affected in segmental lateroflexion?

A

Musculus rotatores breves and systema transversospinale of long muscles

Anatomy (21 decks)

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