4. Evolutionary Psychology

Question 1

What is the fundamental assumption of evolutionary psychology?

Answer 1

Behavioural traits evolved to solve adaptive problems.

Question 2

Which concept refers to evolved psychological mechanisms that solve specific survival or reproduction issues?

Answer 2

Domain-specific mechanisms

Question 3

True or False: Evolutionary psychology assumes all traits are adaptive.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What is sexual selection?

Answer 4

Natural selection for mating advantages.

Question 5

What is the difference between intrasexual and intersexual competition?

Answer 5

Intrasexual = same-sex competition; Intersexual = mate choice.

Question 6

Which behaviour is more likely from an evolutionary perspective?

Answer 6

Women being more selective in mate choice.

Question 7

What is inclusive fitness?

Answer 7

Fitness from aiding genetic relatives.

Question 8

What is kin selection?

Answer 8

Favouring relatives in helping behaviours to increase genetic survival.

Question 9

Which sex typically shows greater parental investment?

Answer 9

Females.

Question 10

What is the main cause of sex differences in mating preferences?

Answer 10

Differences in minimum parental investment.

Question 11

Field independent people are better at what type of task?

Answer 11

Separating details from surrounding context.

Question 12

What test measures field dependence?

Answer 12

Rod and Frame Test.

Question 13

People who rely more on social cues are considered:

Answer 13

Field dependent.

Question 14

Augmenters tend to experience sensory input as:

Answer 14

More intense.

Question 15

Which group is more likely to seek stimulation: reducers or augmenters?

Answer 15

Reducers.

Question 16

What theory explains pain tolerance as a function of sensory reactivity?

Answer 16

Reducer/augmenter theory.

Question 17

What term refers to how people explain the causes of events?

Answer 17

Explanatory style.

Question 18

Internal, stable, global attributions are associated with which explanatory style?

Answer 18

Pessimistic.

Question 19

Which is NOT part of explanatory style dimensions?

Answer 19

Personal vs Shared.

Question 20

Learned helplessness is most likely to develop when a person:

Answer 20

Believes outcomes are uncontrollable.

Question 21

What are personal constructs?

Answer 21

Bipolar dimensions people use to interpret the world.

Question 22

What does locus of control refer to?

Answer 22

Perceived source of control over events.

Question 23

Someone who believes luck controls outcomes has a(n):

Answer 23

External locus of control.

Question 24

Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory views people as:

Answer 24

Scientists trying to predict events.

Question 25

What test identifies constructs in Kelly's theory?

Answer 25

Repertory Grid.

Question 26

Bandura’s concept for belief in ability to perform a task is called:

Answer 26

Self-efficacy.

Question 27

High self-efficacy leads to:

Answer 27

Increased effort and persistence.

Question 28

What term describes how people plan and evaluate goal-directed behaviour?

Answer 28

Self-system.

Question 29

According to Higgins, promotion focus is about:

Answer 29

Growth and advancement.

Question 30

Which focus is associated with avoiding negative outcomes?

Answer 30

Prevention focus.

Question 31

What is the CAPS model?

Answer 31

Cognitive-affective personality system.

Question 32

In the CAPS model, personality is seen as a pattern of:

Answer 32

If... then... situations.

Question 33

What is a personal project?

Answer 33

A goal-directed behaviour chosen by a person.

Question 34

Which is NOT a dimension of personal project analysis?

Answer 34

Popularity.

Question 35

Dweck’s theory of intelligence contrasts which two views?

Answer 35

Entity vs incremental.

Question 36

Entity theorists believe intelligence is:

Answer 36

Fixed and unchangeable.

Question 37

Incremental theorists believe intelligence is:

Answer 37

Malleable and can be improved.

Question 38

Emotional intelligence includes all EXCEPT:

Answer 38

Solving maths problems.

Question 39

Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences includes which unique domain?

Answer 39

Bodily–kinesthetic.

Question 40

What is the Flynn effect?

Answer 40

Rising IQ scores over generations.