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Anatomy Week 1 > Deep Back and Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Deep Back and Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What layer invests the erector spinae?

A

The posterior and middle layers of the thoracolumbar Fascia

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2
Q

3 parts of erector Spinae

A

Spinalis
Longissimus
Ileocostalis

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3
Q

Describe the origins and insertions of erector spinae muscles

A

has several origins because of arches formed spanning only 3-4 vertebrae

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4
Q

Describe location of ileocostalis

A

most lateral of erector spinae

associated with ribs

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5
Q

Describe the location of longissimus

A

middle erector spinae muscle

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6
Q

Describe the location of Spinalis

A

Erector spinae muscle in closest association with the spine

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7
Q

How many dorsal rami are there?

A

31 (8 cervical, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal)

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8
Q

What are the two primary curvatures of the back (concave anterior)

A

Thoracic and sacral

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9
Q

What are the first two curvatures to develop?

A

Thoracic and sacral

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10
Q

What are the second two curvatures to develop?

A

Cervical and Lumbar curvatures

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11
Q

Kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in the primary curvature in the thoracic region

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12
Q

common name for kyphosis

A

dowager’s hump

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13
Q

Scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine

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14
Q

Lordosis

A

increase in secondary curvature in lumbar spine

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15
Q

Dorsal Rami

A

Sensory and Motor

Interact with deep back muscles and skin within 3in of vertebra column

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16
Q

Characteristics of Cervical Vertebrae

A

spinous process points directly posterior and is bifid

Also have a hole separating the little rib and transverse process

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17
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae Characteristics

A

sharply descending spinous process

Costal articular Facets on body and transverse processes

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18
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae Characteristics

A

large vertebral bodies

have rectangular spinous processes that extent directly posterior

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19
Q

Zygopophysial Joints

A

Synovial Joints that Exist at R and L superior and inferior articular facets from C2 to L5

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20
Q

Purpose of Transverse Foramena

A

Exist in cervical vertebrae to supply blood to the brain

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21
Q

What prevents rotation around vertical axis in lumbar region

A

The vertical angle of the superior and inferior transverse processes

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22
Q

Location of Supraspinous ligament

A

On top of spinous processes

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23
Q

Location of intraspinous ligament

A

between spinous processes

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24
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

supraspinous/intraspinous ligament that exists in the cervical region

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25
Q

Posterior Longitudinal ligament

A

within the vertebral canal and has cruciform shape extending horizontally onto interventricular discs

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26
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

runs up and down anterior side of spine

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27
Q

Which ligament between anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments resists hyperflexion?

A

Posterior ligament

28
Q

Interal Vertebral Venous Plexus

A

no predetermined direction of blood flow

May work with brown fat to regulate spinal temperature

29
Q

Why can blood travel along spine toward head when standing on head?

A

Internal vertebral venous plexus has no valves

30
Q

What creates the “pop” sound when performing an intrathecal injection?

A

The pop comes from the ligamentum flava between each lamina

31
Q

Two structures created from extensions of pia mater.

A

Dentriculate ligaments (attach S.C. to dura and hold in place) and the filum terminale (attaches to sacrum and holds S.C. in place).

32
Q

Two enlargements in spinal cord?

A

cervical enlargement and lumbosacral enlargment

33
Q

Endpoint of spinal cord

A

conus medularis at L2

34
Q

Where does Dura terminate

A

S2

35
Q

Where does arachnoid/ fluid filled space stop?

A

S2

36
Q

Cauda Equina

A

Nerves extending down from S.C.

37
Q

Nucleus Pulposus

A

gel area on inside of intervertebral discs

38
Q

Anulus Fibrosus

A

Fibrous area surrounding nucleus pulposus on intervertebral discs

39
Q

Why does a disc herniation at T12 not cause symptoms in spinal nerve T12?

A

Superior vertebral notch is larger in intervertebral foramen, so spinal nerve T12 exits above disc 12.

40
Q

A patient experiences lack of sensation in the L1 dermatome. Where might spinal herniation exist?

A

Herniation in T12 disc.

41
Q

What ligament acts to reinforces the inferior part of the annulus fibrosis?

A

The cruciform parts of the posterior longitudinal ligament

42
Q

Disc C7 is located between what two vertebrae?

A

C7 and T1

43
Q

Nerve numbering

A

C1-C8 the nerve is named for the vertebrae below. The rest are carry the same number as the vertebrae above.

44
Q

GSA

A

General Sensations in skeletal muscle, fascia, ligaments, tendons, joint capsules, periosteum, skin (except glands, follicles, and vessels)

45
Q

General Sensations (skeletal)

A

pain, temperature, touch, pressure, proprioception

46
Q

GSE

A

Motor innervation of skeletal muscles of trunk, neck, and limbs

47
Q

GVA

A

General sensations from smooth and cardiac muscle, mucous and serous membranes

48
Q

General Sensations (visceral)

A

mostly pain and pressure

49
Q

GVE

A

Motor innervation of cardiac and smooth muscle

50
Q

Where do sensory fibers emerge?

A

Dorsal root

51
Q

Motor fibers emerge from?

A

Ventral root

52
Q

If a patient experiences no sensation in the shoulder and middle forearm what nerve is affected and disc may herniated?

A

C4 disc may be herniated because this describes the C5 dermatome

53
Q

What spinal nerve innervates the nipple region?

A

T4

54
Q

What innervates the naval region?

A

T10

55
Q

Do dorsal rami form nerve plexuses?

A

NOOOOOO

56
Q

The posterior/dorsal rami innervate…

A

Sensory - from skin on scalp down dorsum of back and neck
Somatic innervation to DEEP back muscles
Autonomic Innervation of glands and follicles in back

57
Q

Ventral Rami innervate…

A

innervate much of the anterior part of the body

58
Q

Where can the cervical enlargement be found?

A

C5-T1

59
Q

What separates the Dura mater from the spinal canal?

A

Epidural Space

60
Q

Where is spinal fluid contained?

A

subarachnoid cpace

61
Q

Dentriculate ligaments

A

Extentions of the pia that attach to the Dura to hold spinal cord in place

62
Q

How many fibers are typically innervated by a single axon?

A

Very few. (e.g. parts of trapezius can contract indepedently)

63
Q

Is the cell body for the dorsal root ganglion inside or outside of the CNS?

A

Outside

64
Q

Is the cell body for the ventral root inside or outside of CNS?

A

Inside

65
Q

Sensory information enters where in the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal gray horn

66
Q

Motor commands exit from where in spinal cord?

A

Anterior gray horn

67
Q

The internal vertebral venous plexus resides where?

A

in the epidural space/epidural fat

Anatomy Week 1 (7 decks)

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