August 18, 2015 - Introduction to GI Pathology

Question 1

Gross Features of Esophagitis

Answer 1

Hyperemia +/- ulceration

Question 2

Metaplasia

Answer 2

Is a reversible change in which one differentiated cell type is replaced by another cell type. This happens in the esophagus when with substantial damage, the squamous epithelium of the esophagus is replaced by the columnar cells of the stomach. These can secrete mucous to protect the esophagus.

Question 3

Barrett’s Esophagus

Answer 3

Squamous epithelium of the distal esophagus is replaced by intestinal-type columnar epithelium (aka Goblet cells) as a consequence of chronic reflux esophagitis.

Results in an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Question 4

Barrett’s Esophagus - Gross Features

Answer 4

“Tongues of red” extending up

Question 5

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Answer 5

Composed of two immune-mediated diseases; Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. These are separated based on sites of involvement and histologic features.

Very common in Alberta.

Crohn’s disease tends to skip regions of the bowel and may actually break through all layers of the bowel. Ulcerative colitis usually occurs along the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum and destroys the villi.

Question 6

DALM

Answer 6

Dysplasia associated lesion or mass. Is a neoplastic growth that occurs in IBD.

Question 7

Hyperplastic Polyp

Answer 7

Does not turn into dysplasia, EVER.