4.1 couples

Question 1

the domestic division of labour

what two roles does parson identify?

Answer 1

• instrumental role- dad, success at work, financial support for family, breadwinner
• expressive role- mum, primary socialisation of children, meeting families emotional needs, home-maker

Question 2

the domestic division of labour

why do parson’s roles fit men and women

Answer 2

men suited to be provider
woman more naturally nurturing

Question 3

the domestic division of labour

what do Young and Willmott say in disagreement with parsons

Answer 3

men are now taking a greater share of domestic tasks and wives also becoming wage earners

Question 4

the domestic division of labour

what do feminists argue against parsons?

Answer 4

reject the idea that the division of labour is equal and that is is actually massively imbalanced

Question 5

the domestic division of labour

who identifies 2 types of conjugal roles?

Answer 5

Bott

Question 6

the domestic division of labour

what are the 2 types of conjugal roles?

Answer 6

• segregated conjugal roles- the couple have separate roles, a man and a woman who does housework, leisure activities separate
• joint conjugal roles- the couple share tasks such as housework and childcare and spend their leisure time together

Question 7

the domestic division of labour

Yound and Willmott identified what in Bethnal Green, East London?

Answer 7

• a pattern of segregated conjugal roles in traditional extended working class families
• men breadwinners, little part in homelife, leisure in pubs and working mens clubs
• women full time housewives responsible for housework and childcare

Question 8

the domestic division of labour

who suggests a symmetrical family?

Answer 8

Young and Willmott

Question 9

the domestic division of labour

what does the ‘march of progress’ view consist of?

Answer 9

family life gradually improving for all it’s members, becoming more equal and democratic.

Question 10

the domestic division of labour

features of the symmetrical family

Answer 10

• women now go out to work
• men now help out with childcare and housework
• couples now spend leisure time together instead of separately

Question 11

the domestic division of labour

who was the symmetrical family more common amongst?

Answer 11

younger couples
those geographically and socially isolated
the more affluent

Question 12

the domestic division of labour

examples of major social changes that have caused the rise of the symmetrical nuclear family

Answer 12

• changes in women’s postitions e.g. married women going to work
• geographical mobility- more couples living away from where they grew up
• new tech and labour saving devices
• higher standards of living

Question 13

the domestic division of labour

why do feminists reject the march of progress view?

Answer 13

• argue little has changed, still unequal in the family
• bc society is male dominated (patriarchal)
• women occupy a subordinate and dependant role within the family and wider society

Question 14

the domestic division of labour

why does Ann Oakley oppose Young and Willmott’s view that the family is symmetrical?

Answer 14

• their claims are exaggerated
• e.g. despite findings the fact that husbnads helped their wives out at least once a week this could simply include taking children to park or making breakfast on one occasion

Question 15

the domestic division of labour

what evidence did oakley find for husbands helping in the home but not symmetry?

Answer 15

• only 15% had high participation in house work
• only 25% in childcare
• husbands more likely to share childcare rather than housework due to it’s pleasurable aspects
• boulton- only 20% men have a role in childcare
• warde- sex typing on domestic tasks- wives 30x more likely to have washed dishes, men 4x more likely to have washed car

Question 16

are couples becoming more equal?

what two questions come as a result of both partners working?

Answer 16

• is there a “new man” taking responsibility and doing an equal share of housework and childcare?
• or does it mean that women now have a dual burden of paid and house work?

Question 17

are couples becoming more equal?

what stance does the march of progress view take on the impact of paid work?

Answer 17

• optimistic view
• leads to a more equal division of labour in the home
• men more involved in housework, women in paidwork

Question 18

are couples becoming more equal?

gershuny (march of progress view) says that women working full time leads to..

Answer 18

• more equal division of labour in the home

Question 19

are couples becoming more equal?

sullivan (march of progress view) analysed nationally representative data and found that…

Answer 19

• trend towards women doing less domestic work and men doing more
• thus men doing more traditional womens tasks

Question 20

are couples becoming more equal?

what is the feminist stance on the impact of paid work?

Answer 20

• women in paid work not led to greater equality of domestic labour
• little sign of a “new man”
• women carry out a dual burden

Question 21

are couples becoming more equal?

in 2012 men and women did …. hours different in house work and care for family members

Answer 21

• house work- men: 8 hours, women 13 hours
• family care- men: 10 hours, women: 23 hours

Question 22

are couples becoming more equal?

Dex and Ward found that when it came to sick three year olds…

Answer 22

• only 1% took responsibility of child, despite high involvement

Question 23

are couples becoming more equal?

hochschild identifies a ____ shift, meaning…

Answer 23

• triple shift
• women have to perform housework, paid work and emotional work
• e.g. handling jealousies and squabbles between children and complaints from husband

Question 24

are couples becoming more equal?

what 2 different explanations do Cromptom and Lyonette identify to be the reason of the unequal division of labour?

Answer 24

• the cultural explanation- patriarchal norms and values
• the material explanation- women generally earn less than men

Question 25

# are couples becoming more equal? cultural: Gillian dunne explained that lesbian couples had more symmetrical relationships because...

Answer 25

* ... there was an absense of heterosexual "gender scripts" that set out the roles men and women are supposed to play in relationships

Question 26

# are couples becoming more equal? cultural: man yee kan says...

Answer 26

* there has been a general shift in behaviour * most men believe that they do more domestic work that their dad, women less than their mum

Question 27

# are couples becoming more equal? cultural: the british social attitudes survey found what difference in under 35's and over 65's?

Answer 27

* 10% under 35 agreed with traditional roles * 30% over 65's

Question 28

# are couples becoming more equal? material: what link did arber and ginn find when middle class women were better paid?

Answer 28

* they were more able to buy commercial produucts like labour saving devices

Question 29

# are couples becoming more equal? for every £10,000 salary increase a women does what?

Answer 29

* 2 hours less housework each week

Question 30

# are couples becoming more equal? material: ramos discovered that when the woman was full time breadwinner and the man was unemployed that...

Answer 30

they did the same amount of housework

Question 31

# resources and decision making in households according to barret and mcintosh, what were the different gender roles regarding resources?

Answer 31

men usually make the decisions about spending on important items the financial support husbands give their wives often has "strings" attached

Question 32

# resources and decision making in households what are the two types of control over family income?

Answer 32

* the allowance system- men give their wives an allowance to budget the family needs, the man retaining any surplus income for himself. * pooling- both partners have access to income and joint responsibility for expendure

Question 33

# resources and decision making in households who made what decisions according to edgell?

Answer 33

* very important (e.g. moving house)- man * important (e.g. childs school)- woman * less important (food purchases)- woman

Question 34

# resources and decision making in households femenists believe that the idea that men are decision makers is...

Answer 34

... deeply ingrained in both men and women in society and until that definition changes, their will not be much societal change

Question 35

# resources and decision making in households why does pahl think we need to understand the meaning of money for couples?

Answer 35

* pooing=equal?? * need to find out who contributes more and how much each put in

Question 36

# resources and decision making in households what is the personal life perspective on money?

Answer 36

* focuses on the meanings couples give to who controls the money * same sex couples often attach no meaning to it but more so in hetrosexual couples

Question 37

# domestic violence domestic violence definition

Answer 37

any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coersive or threatening behaviour, violencew or abuse between those aged 16 or over, who are or have been intimate partners or family members regardless of gender or sexuality

Question 38

# domestic violence instead of viewing DV as a behaviour carried out by a few sick individuals sociologists believe that...

Answer 38

* domestic violence is far too wide spread- womens aid federation believe that DV account for between 1/6 to 1/4 of all recorded violent crimes * domestic violence doesn't occur randomly- follows social patterns (e.g mainly men against women) 2 women a week are killed by a partner or former partner

Question 39

# domestic violence dobash and dobash conducted research in scotland on police, court records and interviews with women in womens refuges. they found...

Answer 39

* marriage legitimates violence against women by conferring powery and authority on husbands and dependancy on wives

Question 40

# domestic violence the crime survey for england and wales found what gender gap?

Answer 40

* 7.3% women experienced DV * compared to 5% men * (challenges dobash's findings)

Question 41

# domestic violence why did dar say it can be difficult to separate DV incidences?

Answer 41

* abuse can be continuous or be so frequent that the individual can't recall separate instances

Question 42

# domestic violence statistics: ..% of all incidences are men against women

Answer 42

99

Question 43

# domestic violence statistics: nearly ../4 women have been assulted by a partner at some point in their life time and 1/8...

Answer 43

* 1 * repeatedly so

Question 44

# domestic violence yearshire found that on average it takes .. assults until a woman reports it

Answer 44

* 35

Question 45

# domestic violence why are state agencies reluctant to get involved in sorting DV (cheal)

Answer 45

dont want to interfere with family matters, the family is private and individuals have the ability to leave if they wish to do so

Question 46

# domestic violence what are the two explanations of domestic violence?

Answer 46

the radical feminist explanation the materialist explanation

Question 47

# domestic violence what is the radical feminist explanation of domestic violence?

Answer 47

* all society founded on patriarchy * men are the enemy and will always continue to exploit women * family and marriage are key institutions in patriarchal society, opressing women * men dominate through domestic violence or the threat of it * male domination of all the state institutions

Question 48

# domestic violence evaluation of rf explanation: elliot says that not all...

Answer 48

men are agressive and most are opposed to domestic violence

Question 49

# domestic violence evaluation of rf explanation: fails to explain female violence such as...

Answer 49

* child abuse or women to men * also men can be part of vunerable groups, disabled, young

Question 50

# domestic violence what is the materialistic explanation of DV?

Answer 50

* see domestic violence as a result of stress from low income

Question 51

# domestic violence evaluation of the materialistic explanation of DV: marxist feminist fran ansley believes women to be...

Answer 51

* "takers of shit" - believes dv to be a result of capitalism- male workers are exploited at work and take it out on their wives at home