Epithelial Glands I & II

Question 1

what is glandular tissues composed of

Answer 1

epithelial cells specialized for a secretory function

Question 2

what are examples of exocrine glands

Answer 2

salivary glands, mammary glands, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, liver pancreas

Question 3

define endocrine gland

Answer 3

when the epithelial down growth degenerates and laves the secretory tissue isolated from its parent epithelial layer

Question 4

what are examples of endocrine glands

Answer 4

pituitary, thyroid, pineal, parathyroids, adrenals, gonads, liver and pancreas

Question 5

where do endocrine glands secrete their product

Answer 5

into surrounding blood vessels

Question 6

do endocrine or exocrine glands lack ducks?

Answer 6

endocrine

Question 7

define exocrine

Answer 7

epithelial outgrowths into underlying connective tissue that retain their connection to the overlying epithelium in the form of one or more ducts

Question 8

where do exocrine glands release their product

Answer 8

onto the surface

Question 9

define paracrine

Answer 9

secretion affects neighboring cells

Question 10

what does autocrine secretion affect

Answer 10

the cell that released the secretory product

Question 11

what is the difference between simple and compound multicellular glands

Answer 11

simple do not exhibit ductal branching while compound do

Question 12

what are the 3 types of tubular glands

Answer 12

straight, coiled, branched

Question 13

what are examples of alveolar (acinar) glands

Answer 13

meibomian glands of the eyelids

sebaceous glands of the skin

Question 14

what are examples of tubuloalveolar glands

Answer 14

salivary glands
brunner’s glands of duodenum
mucous glands of esophagus

Question 15

describe serous secretion

Answer 15

• watery, enzyme filled

ie: parotid salivary gland

Question 16

describe mucous secretion

Answer 16

thick, mucin-containing secretion

Question 17

describe mixed secretion

Answer 17

*combination of serous and mucous
acinus is typically mostly mucous capped by a half-mooned shaped group of serous cells forming a serous demilune
ie: submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 18

what are the 3 classifications of glands based on mechanism of secretion

Answer 18

merocrine
apocrine
holocrine

Question 19

describe merocrine (eccrine) secretion

Answer 19

secretory product is typically stored in membrane-bound vesicles, and cytoplasm/cell membrane is retrieved in an exocytosis/endocytosis cycle
*includes most glands

Question 20

describe apocrine secretion

Answer 20

apical cytoplasm is released along with secretory product

ie: axillary sweat glands

Question 21

describe holocrine secretion

Answer 21

entire cell is released as part of secretory product

ie: sebaceous glands

Question 22

what is the difference between the submandibular gland, sublingual, and parotid glands

Answer 22

submandibular:
*both serous and mucous cells
* serous cells form serous demilune capping mucous acne
*myoepithelial cells surround acini
sublingual:
* mucous acini
*flattened nuclei at basal poles of cells
*myoepithelial cells surround acini
parotid:
*serous acini
*apical regions contain zymogen granules
*RER predominates in basal regions of secretory cells

Question 23

define lobules

Answer 23

subunits in a compound gland (multicellular gland)

*equivalent to branched gland

Question 24

define parenchyma

Answer 24

the components of the gland derived from epithelium

Question 25

define stroma

Answer 25

the connective tissue capsule surrounding the entire gland as well as the connective tissue partitions separating the lobules and lobes

Question 26

define septa

Answer 26

extensions of the capsule into the epithelial components of the gland that divide into subdivision called lobules and lobes

Question 27

define lobe

Answer 27

subdivision of a compound gland separated from adjacent lobes by septae

Question 28

define lobule

Answer 28

subdivision of a lobe

• separated from each other by delicate septa
• each lobule is equivalent to a simple, branched gland

Question 29

define acinus

Answer 29

secretory components of a lobule

*basement membrane covers outer surface

Question 30

where are myoepithelial cells found

Answer 30

between the basement membrane and the secretory cells of the acinus

Question 31

what are myoepithelial cells characterized by

Answer 31

extensive actin bundles resulting in contractility

Question 32

what do myoepithelial cells do

Answer 32

help to express the secretions of the acini into the intercalated ducts

Question 33

define intralobular ducts

Answer 33

• ducts that lie within a lobule

* joined by confluence of 2*interlobular ducts

Question 34

what are characteristics of intercalated ducts (in intralobular)

Answer 34

• drain the secretory acini
• lined by simple squamous epithelium transiting into low cuboidal epithelium
• involved in bicarbonate/chloride ion exchange

Question 35

what are characteristics of striated ducts (in intralobular ducts)

Answer 35

• lined by cuboidal epithelium transitioning to columnar epithelium with basal striations (for active transport)
• actively reabsorb sodium ions; passively reabsorb chloride ions; actively secrete potassium ions

Question 36

define interlobular ducts

Answer 36

• formed by the confluence of 2+ striated ducts and are found in the septa between adjacent lobules
• lined with pseudo stratified columnar epithelium

Question 37

define lobar duct

Answer 37

• formed by the confluence of 2+ intralobar ducts

* lined with striated columnar epithelium

Question 38

what are parotid glands composed of

Answer 38

only serous acini

Question 39

what are submandibular glands composed of

Answer 39

both mucous and serous acini, but serous acini are predominant

Question 40

what are sublingual glands composed of

Answer 40

both mucous and serous acini, but the mucous acini are predominant