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Bio 1610 Pittilleri > Organic Molecules > Flashcards

Organic Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

Inorganic

A

Water, salts, acids/bases, ions

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2
Q

Monomers

A

The most basic unit of an organic molecule

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3
Q

Polymers

A

A more complex form of an organic molecule.

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4
Q

Dehydration Synthesis/ Condensation Reaction

A

How we put monomers together to make polymers.

-taking water out of the molecule.

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5
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking apart polymers to make monomers.

- adding water back into the molecule

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6
Q

Carbohydrates (CHO)

A

Sugars

-functions: energy and structure

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7
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simplest form of a carbohydrate

  • simple sugars
    • mostly form ring structures
  • -glucose is the most common- fructose and galactose are more.
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8
Q

Disaccharide

A

Two or more monosaccharides stuck together

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9
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Many monosaccharides stuck together

-complex carbohydrate

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10
Q

Organic

A

Based on carbon/carbon skeleton

- carbon is the smallest atom that can form the most covalent bonds.

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11
Q

What is the Polysaccharide in plants?

A

Starch

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12
Q

what Polysaccharide is the storage form in animal?

A

Glycogen

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13
Q

Cellulose

A

Is a polysaccharide that we cannot break down.

  • plants use it for structure
  • we call it Fiber
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14
Q

Lipids

A

Are fats

  • Nonpolar and Hydrophobic
  • Functions: Energy Storage, insulation, hormones, membrane structure.
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15
Q

Fatty Acids

A

Long straight chains of carbons

-There are unsaturated and saturated fatty acids

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16
Q

Saturated Fatty Acids

A

Saturated with hydrogen.

  • Hard for chemical reactions to happen
  • Hard to break down
17
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A

Creates double carbon bonds

-not filled with hydrogen so it can be bonded with and broken down more easily.

18
Q

Triglycerides

A

3 fatty acids that are attached to a glycerol backbone

-Storage form of fatty acids

19
Q

Phospholipids

A

2 Fatty Acid tails attached to a phosphate head.

  • Fatty Acid tail is nonpolar and hydrophobic
  • Phosphate head id polar and hydrophobic
  • Bases for cell membranes
20
Q

Proteins

A

Most complex-most functions

  • Functions: structure, enzymes, hormones, transport
  • Make up all the structures of any living things body
21
Q

Amino Acids

A

Building Blocks of proteins

-all structures are made of the same 20 amino acids just put together differently

22
Q

R-group

A

is the functional group on an Amino Acid.

-this is what is differs between Amino Acids.

23
Q

Peptide Bond

A

The covalent bond holding Amino Acids together.

24
Q

Peptide/Polypeptide

A

Smallest strings of Amino Acids

-Not big enough to structure into proteins yet.

25
Q

What makes Proteins different?

A
  • What Amino Acid it has
  • How it is put together
  • The structure
26
Q

How many levels of structure/organization does protein have?

A
  1. Primary Structure
  2. Secondary Structure
  3. Tertiary Structure
  4. Quarternary Structure
27
Q

Primary Structure of Protiens

A

Peptide bond formation

  • Condensation
  • A sequence of Amino Acids
28
Q

Secondary Structure of Proteins

A

Hydrogen bonds form on the Amino Acid chains

-Coiling Helix or Sheet like pattern emerges through bonding

29
Q

Tertiary Structure of Proteins

A

Interactions between R-groups

-Additional folding of secondary structure

30
Q

Quarternary Structure of Proteins

A

Putting multiple polypeptides together to form the protein.

-usually covalent bonding, but also hydrogen bonding occuring

31
Q

RNA-Ribonucleic Acid

A

The code for proteins

-tell what amino acids should go together to make you who you are

32
Q

Nucleotiedes

A

Monomers
4 of them: Guamine, Cytosine, Thymine, Adenine, and Urucil- is for RNA
-everything is based off them and how they are put together.

33
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

Energy Currency

-every cell is designed to use this as energy

34
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Combination of protein and carbohydrate

35
Q

Glycosominoglycans

A

Bigger combo. of proteins and carbohydrates

36
Q

Proteoglycans

A

Even bigger combo. of proteins and carbohydrates

37
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Combo of lipid and protein

-proteins carry lipids around in the blood because they are hydrophobic

Bio 1610 Pittilleri (22 decks)

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