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Bio 1610 Pittilleri > Cell Membranes > Flashcards

Cell Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

Intracellular

A

Inside the cell

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2
Q

Extracellular

A

Everything outside the cell

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3
Q

Intersitial

A

Is another term for outside the cell.

-Especially used when many cells are together

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4
Q

What makes up the membrane of a cell?

A

Phospholipids are the basic structure of a membrane.

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5
Q

Phospholipid Bylayer

A

Two layers of phospholipids with the lipid tails facing each other.

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6
Q

Why is Cholesterol a necessary component of the Cell Membrane?

A
  • It helps loosen the membrane

- Maintains membrane fluidity and strength

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7
Q

How do proteins help the membrane?

A

They make the membrane functional.

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8
Q

Transport Proteins

A

Transports stuff across the cell membrane

  • Inside to outside and outside to inside
  • very specific, they will only let one thing through
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9
Q

Receptor Proteins

A

A signaling molecule binds to the receptor outside the cell membrane and on the other side the signal is taken and does something within the cell membrane.
-Very specific

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10
Q

Membrane Bound Enzyme

A

Help carry out chemical reactions within or without the cell membrane.

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11
Q

Recognition Proteins

A

It is often a Glycoprotein

  • they tag on cells like a finger print saying I am this kind of cell.
  • So cells know what kind of cell it is.
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12
Q

Cell Adhesion Molecules

A

Hold cells together

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13
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Holding the cell membranes together, so tight that no extracellular fluid can get through.

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14
Q

Desmosomes (Spot or Adhering Junctions)

A

Proteins hold the cell together with rivets, so extracellular fluid can slip between the membranes.

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15
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Form a channel between membranes.

  • Specialized form of cell communication.
  • The extracellular fluid passed through
  • -All the cells of the heart are linked this way.
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16
Q

Membrane Transport

A

Moving things across the membrane.

  • Membranes are semi-permeable
  • -Membranes will let somethings through easily, some with difficulty, and some not at all.
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17
Q

Factors Effecting Membrane Permeability

A

Solubility- (fat solubility) if it is fat soluble it can slip across (oxygen)
Size- If it is to big it can’t go through. It needs to be smaller.
–If it is unsaturated phopholipids it can have more pass through them than saturated.

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18
Q

Membrane transport based on passive forces mean

A

No energy needed to move it across the membrane.

  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Electrical
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19
Q

Diffusion

A

Random movement of particles

  • Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
  • Until they reach equilibrium
  • The concentration difference/gradient is what drives diffusion.
20
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

Going through the membrane

21
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Going through proteins, so they can slip through. No energy needed.

22
Q

What is the diffusion rate driven by?

A

The gradient

23
Q

Factors affecting net rate of diffusion

A
  • Concentration Gradient
  • Temperature
  • Area
  • Size
  • Distance
24
Q

Concentration Gradient on diffusion rate

A

Bigger concentration gradient faster it goes through. Lower concentration gradient slower it goes through.

25
Q

Temperature on diffusion rate

A

Higher temperature, higher diffusion rate. Lower temperature lower diffusion rate.

26
Q

Area on diffusion rate

A

The space they have to diffuse. Bigger area faster rate of diffusion, smaller area slower rate of diffusion.

27
Q

Size on diffusion rate

A

The bigger something is the slower the diffusion rate will be.

28
Q

Distance on diffusion rate

A

How far something has to travel. The greater the distance the slower the rate of diffusion.

29
Q

Osmosis

A

The Movement of Water

  • Water molecules move from areas of low solute concentration to areas of high solute concentration.
  • The solute is to big to move, so the water moves through instead to equalize the solution.
30
Q

Osmotic Pressure/Potential

A

To move water molecules.

-The water is moving over to the high concentration to dilute the solution bringing them to equilibrium.

31
Q

Aquaporins

A

Protein channel to let water through.

32
Q

Tonicity

A

The concentration of a solution compares to what is inside your cell.

33
Q

Isotonic Solution

A

This solution is the same tonicity as your cells.

-No osmotic pressure created

34
Q

Hypertonic Solution

A

The solution has a higher concentration than the cell.

  • Through osmosis the water will move out of the cell to create equilibrium.
  • Causing the cell to crenate (shrink)
35
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A

The solution has a lower concentration than the cell.

  • Water will be drawn into the cell. Making the cell swell.
  • If the difference is big enough it will cause the cell to burst. (Lyse/Lysis)
36
Q

Electrical (membrane transport)

A

Passive movement requiring no energy.

  • the movement of ions.
  • difference in charges between 2 areas produces an electrical gradient that passively causes movement.
  • the forces of same charges trying to spread out will make it pass through the cell membrane.
  • -more powerful than something without a charge in diffusion.
37
Q

Electrochemical Gradient

A
  • All cells have one
  • They all have different amounts of ions on the outside and inside.
  • Some cells use this to do what they do.
38
Q

Membrane Transport based on Active Processes

A
  • Molecules which are impermeable because the are large, poorly lipid soluble.
  • Going against a concentration gradient
  • Active Transport–Pumps
  • Bulk Transport
39
Q

Active Transport– Pumps

A
  • Proteins that pump/push something through using energy to do it.
  • Moving something across/against the concentration gradient.
  • Very helpful in moving against the concentration gradient.
40
Q

What is a common protein pump?

A

Na+/K+ pump

41
Q

Na+/K+ Pump

A

Always pumps 3 Na+ out of the cell and pumps 2 K+ into the cell.

42
Q

What are the 3 Kinds of Bulk Transport?

A

Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

43
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The Membrane reaches out and grabs what it needs and closes around it pulling the vesicle into the cell.
-Big items normally

44
Q

Pinocytosis

A

The Membrane dimples in around what it needs and comes together and brings it into the cell.

45
Q

Receptor-Mediate Endocytosis

A

Receptors tell the cell to bring something in.

46
Q

Endocytosis

A

To bring into the cell.

47
Q

Exocytosis

A

Sending something out of the cell.

-Vesicles fuse to the membrane and the membrane opens and dumps what is in it outside the cell.

Bio 1610 Pittilleri (22 decks)

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