Genetic Variability Flashcards
Genetic Recombination
- Cross over
- increases genetic variability
- not a mutation
Congenital Defect
A birth defect
- develops during prenatal life-present at birth
- genetic or environmental factors
Genetic Abnormality
rare/uncommon version of a trait
–albinism
Mutation
change in nucleotides that produce a new allele
- may be good, bad, or have no effect
- usually occurs during copying of DNA
Genetic Disorder
Inherited Condition
- sooner of later causes mild to sever problems
- alteration in DNA sequence that affects synthesis of on e product of protein.
- you get it from a parent
Genetic Disease
Not Inherited
- Illness that effects workable genes
- viral, radiation can cause this
Duplication
Segment of DNA is copied twice
-generally not too bad/harmful
Inversion
Segment of DNA is inverted
-generally not too bad/harmful
Translocation
Crossover of non-homologous chromosomes
-the genes were switched for a different gene not an allele
Insertion/ Deletion
- A nucleotide or a segments is added or deleted
- lethal or serious disease
- viral attack or radiation
Aneuploidy
change in chromosome number
- usually 1 extra or less (47 or 45 chromosomes)
- failure of chromosomes to seperate during meiosos (chromatid separating)
- -happens in meiosis II
Monosomy
missing 1 member of a chromosome pair (45 chromosomes)
-severe, abortion
Polysomy
extra chromosome
-3 homologous autosomes or 3 sex chromosomes
Down Syndrome
Extra chromosome 21 (trisomy 21)
- symptoms vary
- most show moderate to severe mental impairment
XXY
Kleinfelter’s Syndrome
- sterile, smaller reproductive organs
- 1 in 500-1000
