Chapter 4 - Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

Question 1

tenant

Answer 1

a renter

Question 2

competency

Answer 2

the state of a household being independent and able to support the next generation

Question 3

marriage portion

Answer 3

a gift of land, livestock, or farm equipment passed from parents to children as a repayment for past labor and allowing the parents to choose the marriage partner

Question 4

“household mode of production”

Answer 4

the swapping of labor and goods between neighboring New England households

Question 5

squatter

Answer 5

a person who illegally settles on land, hoping to later acquire it on legal terms

Question 6

Walking Purchase of 1737

Answer 6

land fraud committed by the Penn family - they exploited an old (and probably fraudulent) Indian deed to claim over a million acres of farmland

Question 7

redemptioner system

Answer 7

a flexible form of indentured servitude that allowed families to negotiate terms upon arrival

Question 8

Enlightenment

Answer 8

a European cultural movement that emphasized the power of human reason

Question 9

Pietism

Answer 9

evangelical Christian movement that stressed an individual’s personal relationship with God

Question 10

Licensing Act

Answer 10

until 1695 - an act that allowed the British government to censor all printed materials

Question 11

Boston Newsletter

Answer 11

the first consistently published newspaper in the colonies

Question 12

natural rights

Answer 12

life, liberty, and property

Question 13

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 13

inventor, scholar, and exemplar of the American Enlightenment

Question 14

Pennsylvania Gazette

Answer 14

influential newspaper founded by Benjamin Franklin

Question 15

Deism

Answer 15

a way of thinking stating that God created the universe but stays separate from it and allows it to be governed by natural laws

Question 16

American Philosophical Society

Answer 16

scholarly organization founded by Benjamin Franklin

Question 17

religious revival

Answer 17

a renewal of religious enthusiasm

Question 18

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 18

Northampton minister who encouraged Pietism in New England

Question 19

George Whitefield

Answer 19

English minister who helped spread the Great Awakening in the colonies

Question 20

Great Awakening

Answer 20

a sudden outbreak of religious revival that spread throughout the colonies

Question 21

Old Lights

Answer 21

conservative ministers who opposed the Great Awakening

Question 22

New Lights

Answer 22

Pietist supporters of the Great Awakening

Question 23

Print Revolution

Answer 23

mass production and spread of printed works following the revocation of the Licensing Act and the invention of the printing press

Question 24

Baptism

Answer 24

a sect of radical Protestantism with the central ritual of adult baptism

Question 25

French and Indian War

Answer 25

a conflict between Britain and France for land claims in America, ending in British triumph

Question 26

William Pitt

Answer 26

British leader in the Great War for Empire

Question 27

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Answer 27

agreement of Britain’s victory in the Seven Years’ War

Question 28

Neolin

Answer 28

known as the Prophet of Delaware; called for ending interaction with the settlers

Question 29

Pontiac

Answer 29

Indian chief who led an uprising against British occupation

Question 30

Royal Proclamation of 1763

Answer 30

confirmed Indian control of the trans-Appalachian west and declared the land off-limits for colonial settlers

Question 31

Industrial Revolution

Answer 31

a European movement (beginning in Britain) characterized by the development of many new manufacturing technologies

Question 32

consumer revolution

Answer 32

a general increase in the popularity of English goods

Question 33

Susquehanna Company

Answer 33

speculated lands in Wyoming Valley (presently northeastern Pennsylvania)

Question 34

Paxton Boys

Answer 34

massacred twenty Conestoga Indians in a demand for the expulsion of all Indians

Question 35

Regulators

Answer 35

a group of landowning vigilantes who demanded more courts, fairer taxation, and greater representation for western districts

Question 36

Albany Congress

Answer 36

intercolonial conference summoned by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 with the intention of unifying the against the French

Question 37

Albany Plan of Union

Answer 37

plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin to counter French expansion (never seriously considered)

Question 38

Isaac Newton

Answer 38

English physicist and mathematician who played a key role in the Scientific Revolution

Question 39

Copernicus

Answer 39

theorized that Earth revolved around the Sun rather than the other way around

Question 40

Tanaghrisson

Answer 40

killed French officer to ensure French and Indian War as well as force British arms to support Iroquois interests