Chapter 29 - The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973-1980

Question 1

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Answer 1

cartel formed by Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries

Question 2

energy crisis

Answer 2

period of fuel shortages in the U.S. after the Arab states in the OPEC declared an oil embargo in October 1973

Question 3

environmentalism

Answer 3

activist movement that began in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through conservation, pollution control measures, and public awareness campaigns

Question 4

Silent Spring

Answer 4

book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson that analyzed DDT’s toxic impact on the human and natural food chains, mobilizing environmental activists

Question 5

Earth Day

Answer 5

annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22, 1970

Question 6

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Answer 6

federal agency created in 1970 to enforce environmental laws, conduct environmental research, and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants

Question 7

Three Mile Island

Answer 7

nuclear plant near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania where a reactor core came close to meltdown in 1979

Question 8

stagflation

Answer 8

economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time

Question 9

deindustrialization

Answer 9

dismantling of manufacturing (especially in automobile, steel, and consumer-goods industries) in the decades after WWII

Question 10

Rust Belt

Answer 10

the once heavily industrialized regions of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization

Question 11

tax revolt

Answer 11

movement to lower or eliminate taxes

Question 12

Proposition 13

Answer 12

measure passed overwhelmingly by Californians to roll back property taxes - inspired “tax revolts” across the country

Question 13

Watergate

Answer 13

1972 break-in at the Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington D.C. by men working for Nixon’s reelection campaign - Nixon tried to cover for them and eventually resigned

Question 14

War Powers Act (1973)

Answer 14

limited president’s ability to deploy U.S. forces without congressional approval

Question 15

Freedom of Information Act (1974)

Answer 15

law passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal that gave citizens access to federal records

Question 16

Ethics in Government Act (1978)

Answer 16

law passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal that forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials

Question 17

deregulation

Answer 17

limiting of regulation by federal agencies that began under Carter and expanded under Reagan

Question 18

affirmative action

Answer 18

measures established in the 1960s and 1970s to ensure equal opportunity for minorities - admission/hiring/promotion, consideration when allocating resources, encouraging victims of discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources

Question 19

Bakke v. University of California

Answer 19

1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system

Question 20

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Answer 20

constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law - ran out of time for state ratification in 1982

Question 21

STOP ERA

Answer 21

organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the Equal Rights Amendment

Question 22

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Answer 22

Supreme Court decision that declared abortions performed during the first trimester to be protected by the right of privacy

Question 23

evangelicalism

Answer 23

trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion, repentance of sin, and adherence to scripture

Question 24

Rachel Carson

Answer 24

biologist and author of Silent Spring

Question 25

Gerald Ford

Answer 25

38th president who took office after Nixon’s resignation

Question 26

Howard Jarvis

Answer 26

anti-tax activist responsible for passage of California’s Proposition 13

Question 27

Jimmy Carter

Answer 27

“common man” who became the 39th president

Question 28

Phyllis Schlafly

Answer 28

anti-feminist, anti-ERA leader

Question 29

Harvey Milk

Answer 29

first openly gay person to be elected to public office in California (San Francisco Board of Supervisors)

Question 30

Billy Graham

Answer 30

evangelical leader who laid the groundwork for the Fourth Great Awakening