Chapter 22 - Cultural Conflict, Bubble, and Bust, 1919-1932

Question 1

A. Mitchell Palmer

Answer 1

Attorney General who led the Palmer Raids

Question 2

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

Answer 2

Italian aliens who were arrested during the Red Scare for murder

Question 3

Henry Ford

Answer 3

industrialist and founder of the Ford Motor Company

Question 4

Leo Frank

Answer 4

Jewish factory supervisor who was wrongly accused of raping and murdering a thirteen-year-old girl and lynched (marking the rise of anti-Semitism)

Question 5

Zora Neale Hurston

Answer 5

author during the Harlem Renaissance who captured the spiritual strength of ordinary black men and women

Question 6

Louis Armstrong

Answer 6

popular jazz musician who helped to develop the improvised solo that became so common in jazz music

Question 7

Marcus Garvey

Answer 7

leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association

Question 8

Adolph Zukor

Answer 8

film mogul and founder of Paramount Pictures

Question 9

Adkins v. Children’s Hospital

Answer 9

voided a minimum wage for women working in D.C.

Question 10

welfare capitalism

Answer 10

a system of labor relations that stressed management’s responsibility for employees’ well-being

Question 11

Red Scare

Answer 11

anticommunist hysteria that swept the U.S. after WWI

Question 12

Palmer Raids

Answer 12

a series of raids led by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer on radical organizations that peaked in January 1920 (federal agents arrested six thousand citizens and aliens)

Question 13

Sheppard-Towner Federal Maternity and Infancy Act

Answer 13

Sheppard-Towner provided federal funds for medical clinics, prenatal education programs, and visiting nurses

Question 14

Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom

Answer 14

founded in 1919; organization of women who denounced imperialism, stressed the human suffering caused by militarism, and proposed social justice measures

Question 15

associated state

Answer 15

system of voluntary business cooperation with government

Question 16

Teapot Dome

Answer 16

nickname for scandal in which Interior Secretary Albert Fall accepted $300,000 in bribes for leasing oil reserves on public land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming

Question 17

dollar diplomacy

Answer 17

policy emphasizing the connection between America’s economic and political interests overseas

Question 18

prohibition

Answer 18

the ban on the manufacture and sale of alcohol that went into effect with the Eighteenth Amendment

Question 19

American Civil Liberties Union

Answer 19

protected free speech rights during the Red Scare and challenged anti-evolution education laws

Question 20

Scopes trial

Answer 20

trial in which a high school biology teacher was convicted for teaching the theory of evolution to his biology class (later overturned by the Supreme Court)

Question 21

National Origins Act (1924)

Answer 21

used backdated census data to establish that in the future, annual immigration from each country could not exceed 2% of that nationality’s percentage of the U.S. population as it had stood in 1890

Question 22

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 22

white supremacist group that was popular during Reconstruction and resurfaced in the 1920s

Question 23

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 23

flourishing of African American artists, writers, intellectuals, and social leaders in the 1920s; centered in the neighborhoods of Harlem, New York City

Question 24

jazz

Answer 24

unique musical form that developed in New Orleans and other parts of the South before WWI

Question 25

Universal Negro Improvement Association

Answer 25

organization that arose in the 1920s to mobilize African American workers and champion black separatism

Question 26

pan-Africanism

Answer 26

belief that all people of African descent had a common destiny and should cooperate in political action

Question 27

Lost Generation

Answer 27

term referring to young artists and writers who had suffered through WWI and felt alienated from America’s mass-culture society in the 1920s

Question 28

consumer credit

Answer 28

new forms of borrowing, such as auto loans and installment plans, that flourished in the 1920s but helped trigger the Great Depression

Question 29

Hollywood

Answer 29

emerged in the 1920s as the world’s movie capital

Question 30

flapper

Answer 30

a young woman of the 1920s who defied conventional standards of conduct by wearing short skirts and makeup, spending money on fashion, and dancing to jazz

Question 31

soft power

Answer 31

the exercise of popular culture influence