Chapter 5 - The Problem of Empire, 1763-1776

Question 1

Revenue Act of 1762

Answer 1

enforced the collection of trade taxes

Question 2

George Grenville

Answer 2

British prime minister who passed the Currency Act and the Sugar Act of 1764

Question 3

Currency Act of 1764

Answer 3

banned American colonies from using paper money as legal tender

Question 4

Sugar Act of 1764

Answer 4

set a duty of 3 pence per gallon on molasses and tightened customs enforcement so that it could be collected

Question 5

vice-admiralty courts

Answer 5

tribunals governing the seas and run by British-appointed judges

Question 6

Stamp Act of 1765

Answer 6

required a tax stamp on all printed items

Question 7

virtual representation

Answer 7

the claim that colonists were British citizens, therefore they were represented in Parliament

Question 8

Quartering Act of 1765

Answer 8

required colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops

Question 9

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 9

New York conference where delegates met to discuss the growing issues of British rule

Question 10

Sons of Liberty

Answer 10

a secret society of colonists formed to protest for and protect colonial rights

Question 11

Patriot

Answer 11

any colonist who supported independence

Question 12

English common law

Answer 12

centuries-old body of legal rules and procedures that protected subjects of the monarch

Question 13

Montesquieu

Answer 13

French Enlightenment philosopher who advocated for separation of powers

Question 14

John Dickinson

Answer 14

author of “Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania” who urged colonists to remember their ancestors and oppose parliamentary taxes

Question 15

Declaratory Act of 1766

Answer 15

explicitly reaffirmed Parliament’s full power and authority

Question 16

Charles Townshend

Answer 16

unsympathetic prime minister who sought restrictions on colonial assemblies and laid taxes on trade

Question 17

Townshend Act of 1767

Answer 17

imposed duties on colonial imports of paper, paint, glass, and tea

Question 18

nonimportation movement

Answer 18

movement to reduce household consumption of imported goods and increase domestic production (especially textiles)

Question 19

Lord North

Answer 19

prime minister who was a skilled politician and persuaded Parliament to repeal most of the Townshend duties (while still retaining the tax on tea)

Question 20

Boston Massacre

Answer 20

March 5, 1770 - nine British soldiers fired into a crowd of townspeople, killing five

Question 21

George III

Answer 21

King of Britain from 1760-1820

Question 22

Loyalist

Answer 22

any colonist who wished to remain loyal to Britain

Question 23

committee of correspondence

Answer 23

allowed Patriots to communicate with other colonial leaders when new threats to liberty occurred

Question 24

Tea Act of May 1773

Answer 24

provided financial relief for the East India Company by giving the company a government loan and canceling import duties on tea exported to Ireland and the colonies

Question 25

Boston Tea Party

Answer 25

to protest the Tea Act, artisans and laborers disguised themselves as Indians and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor

Question 26

Coercive Acts

Answer 26

four acts that forced Massachusetts to pay for tea lost in the Boston Tea Party and submit to imperial authority

Question 27

Boston Port Bill

Answer 27

one of the Coercive Acts; closed Boston Harbor to shipping

Question 28

Massachusetts Government Act

Answer 28

one of the Coercive Acts; annulled charter and prohibited most town meetings

Question 29

Quartering Act (of the Coercive Acts)

Answer 29

one of the Coercive Acts; mandated new barracks for British troops

Question 30

Justice Act

Answer 30

one of the Coercive Acts; allowed trials for capital crimes to be transferred to other colonies or to Britain

Question 31

Quebec Act

Answer 31

allowed Roman Catholicism in Quebec and extended Quebec’s boundaries into the Ohio River Valley, angering many colonists

Question 32

Continental Congress

Answer 32

meeting of twelve mainland colonies run by Patriot leaders

Question 33

Samuel Adams

Answer 33

radical Patriot leader in Massachusetts

Question 34

Continental Association

Answer 34

established to enforce a third boycott of British goods

Question 35

Neutral

Answer 35

any colonist who remained neutral between Britain and the colonies, usually to preserve their family’s property and independence

Question 36

Lord Dunmore

Answer 36

Virginia’s royal governor; led a militia to defeat the Ohio Shawnees and claim Kentucky

Question 37

Dunmore’s War

Answer 37

single-battle conflict in which Lord Dunmore and the Virginia militia defeated the Ohio Shawnees for Kentucky

Question 38

Minutemen

Answer 38

members of colonial militias who were ready to fight at a moment’s notice

Question 39

Lexington and Concord

Answer 39

British General Thomas Gage dispatched soldiers to capture leaders and supplies in Concord; Paul Revere and other riders warned Patriots so that militiamen could meet British soldiers first at Lexington then at Concord - ended in violence and initiated war

Question 40

Second Continental Congress

Answer 40

met as British attacked Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill

Question 41

Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”

Answer 41

pamphlet that inspired the colonists to fight for independence

Question 42

Declaration of Independence

Answer 42

document issued by the Continental Congress that declared colonial independence from Britain

Question 43

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 43

prominent Patriot and primary author of the Declaration of Independence; later became an Antifederalist leader and third president

Question 44

popular sovereignty

Answer 44

the principle that ultimate power lies in the hands of the electorate