4.2 - TRAUMA Flashcards
(54 cards)
leading cause of death in children and young adults
trauma
3 neurosurgical areas
traumatic brain injury
spinal cord injury
peripheral nerve injury
open fractures require
Debridement and scalp repair
indications for craniotomy
depression > cranial thickness
intracranial hematoma
frontal sinus involvement
craniotomy CI in skull fractures like?
dural venous sinus
fracture of the temporal bone leading to extravasation of the blood behind the ear
battles sign
raccoon eyes
anosmia
rhinorhea results from what fracture?
anterior skull base
a drop of fluid into an absorbent tissue. result shows red spot in the middle and surrounding layer
halo test
if halo test is indeterminate, what test to order?
beta-2 transferrrin testing
common tx for CSF leaks
elevate head for several days
lumbar drain
tx for facial nerver palsies
steroids
most common type of TBI
closed head injury
patients with a documented CHI and evidence of intracranial hemorrhage and depressed skull fracture should receive
17mg/kg phenytoin LD
300-400mg/d phenytoin
peptic ulcers occuring in patients w head injury
cushings ulcers
moderate head injury
gcs 9-12
risk in a patient: headache, dizziness, no loss of consciousness
low risk. can be discharged w/o CT
risk in a patient: depressed consciousness, changing neuro exam..
high risk. CT and then admit
temporary neuronal dysfunction following nonpenetrating head trauma
concussion
grade concussion based on the colorado grading system
1, px with amnesia
2, lost consciousness
grade2
grade 3
refers to when brain is more susceptible to minor head trauma in the first 1-2 weeks after concussion
second impact syndrome
bruise of the brain, impact causes breakage of small vessels; appear bright on CT
contussion
contussion occuring in the opposite site of i9njury
contrecoup injury
two main subtypes of penetrating (CHI)
missile (bullets) non missile (knife)
types of intracranial hematomas
epidural
subdural (acute and chronic)
intraparenchymal
