4.2.1 - Systems in the Human Body

Question 1

What are the 7 life processes that all living organisms have in Common?

Answer 1

M - Movement
R - Respiration
S - Sensitivity
G - Growth
R - Reproduction
E - Excretion
N - Nutrition

Question 2

Define: Aerobic Respiration

Answer 2

Respiration that requires oxygen

Question 3

Define: Exothermic

Answer 3

Reaction in which energy/heat is given out so temperatures increase

Question 4

What is the word equation for Aerobic Respiration?

Answer 4

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+energy)

Question 5

What is the symbol equation for Aerobic Respiration?

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 6

Where does the glucose needed for respiration come from?

Answer 6

Our Food

Question 7

Give an example of a large molecule that is made using the energy released by respiration.

Answer 7

Protein

Question 8

What do mammals and birds use the energy released in respiration for?

Answer 8

To keep their body temperatures steady

Question 9

Define: Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 9

Respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen

Question 10

Where does Anaerobic Respiration take place?

Answer 10

In the cytoplasm of cells

Question 11

What is the word equation for Anaerobic Respiration?

Answer 11

Glucose -> Lactic Acid (+ energy)

Question 12

What effect does lactic acid have on the body?

Answer 12

Gives you cramps

Question 13

What is an oxygen debt?

Answer 13

The amount of oxygen needed after an anaerobic exercise

Question 14

How is lactic acid removed?

Answer 14

Taking in more oxygen

Question 15

Give two uses of anaerobic respiration in plant cells and microorganisms.

Answer 15

• Bread making
• Brewing

Question 16

Define: Multicellular

Answer 16

Having more than one cell

Question 17

Define: Organism

Answer 17

Living Things

Question 18

Define: Tissue

Answer 18

A group of cells with a particular function

Question 19

Give 3 adaption of exchange surfaces.

Answer 19

• Thin Membranes
• Large Surface Area
• Good Blood Supply

Question 20

What is Double Circulatory System?

Answer 20

Where it passes through the heart twice.

Question 21

What is the function of valves in the heart?

Answer 21

Prevents backflow

Question 22

Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Answer 22

Right Ventricle

Question 23

Where are the pacemaker cells found?

Answer 23

Right Atrium

Question 24

Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right?

Answer 24

It has to pump blood at a higher pressure

Question 25

What gas diffuses into the lungs from the blood stream?

Answer 25

Carbon Dioxide

Question 26

What is a bronchus?

Answer 26

Main Air Tubes

Question 27

Define: Ventilation

Answer 27

Breathing in and out

Question 28

Define: Aorta

Answer 28

Carries oxygenated blood

Question 29

Define: Pacemaker Cells

Answer 29

Controls resting heart rate

Question 30

Define: Intercostal Muscles

Answer 30

Muscles between the ribs

Question 31

What function do Arteries carry out?

Answer 31

- Carries blood away from the heart - With pulse - Carries oxygenated blood - Carries blood under high pressure - Has a thick layer of muscle - Has a thick layer of elastic fibres - Has small lumen compares to the walls - Does not have valves

Question 32

What function do Veins carry out?

Answer 32

- Carries blood towards the heart - No pulse - Carries deoxygenated blood - Carries blood under low pressure - Has a thin layer of muscle - Has a thin layer of elastic fibres - Has a large lumen compared to the walls - Has valves

Question 33

What function do Capillaries carry out?

Answer 33

- Carries blood between the arteries and veins - No pulse - Are where the exchange of gases and substances occurs - Are only one cell thick - Has permeable walls - Has a large surface area - No valves

Question 34

Which substance is needed for the transport of oxygen?

Answer 34

Haemogoblin

Question 35

Name two substances that are transported in plasma.

Answer 35

- Glucose - Urea

Question 36

Which component of blood is needed to seal cuts?

Answer 36

Platelets

Question 37

Define: White Blood Cell

Answer 37

Help defend the body against infection

Question 38

What is digestion?

Answer 38

Breaking down of large foods

Question 39

What are the two types of digestion?

Answer 39

- Mechanical - Chemical

Question 40

What is the pH of the stomach?

Answer 40

2

Question 41

What substance is produces by the gall bladder?

Answer 41

Bile

Question 42

What is Urea?

Answer 42

Unwanted amino acid

Question 43

Name 3 organs which produce protease.

Answer 43

- Pancreas - Small Intestine - Stomach

Question 44

What type of molecule is broken into amino acid?

Answer 44

Protein

Question 45

What is starch broken down into?

Answer 45

Glucose

Question 46

Define: Proteases

Answer 46

Enzyme that breaks down protiens

Question 47

Define: Lipases

Answer 47

Enzyme that breaks down lipids

Question 48

Define: Carbohydrase / amylase

Answer 48

Enzymes that breaks down starch

Question 49

Define: Enzyme

Answer 49

Protein that speeds up a chemical reaction

Question 50

What are the 3 types of neurone?

Answer 50

- Sensory - Relay - Motor

Question 51

What are the main steps in a reflex arc?

Answer 51

Stimulus -> Receptor -> Sensory Neurone -> Relay Neurone -> Motor Neurone -> Effector -> Response

Question 52

What does the CNS consist of?

Answer 52

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 53

What type of neurone carries the impuleses from the CNS to the effector?

Answer 53

Motor Neurons

Question 54

What is a reflex arc?

Answer 54

Pathway of Information

Question 55

What is the range of typical reaction time?

Answer 55

0.3s to 0.9s

Question 56

What is a synapse?

Answer 56

A connection between two neurones

Question 57

How are nerve signals transferred across a synapse?

Answer 57

By Chemicals

Question 58

How are hormones transported around the body?

Answer 58

In the blood

Question 59

Which gland is known as the master gland?

Answer 59

Pituitary Gland

Question 60

Which gland only produces adrenaline?

Answer 60

Adrenal Gland

Question 61

Identify one condition kept constant by the endocrine system.

Answer 61

Conditions in the body

Question 62

What is negative feedback?

Answer 62

Reverse the change

Question 63

Define: Thyroid

Answer 63

Gland that produces Thyroxine

Question 64

Define: Thyroxine

Answer 64

Hormone that controls metabolic rate