Aaron Jennings Chapter 7A Vocab

Question 1

The retention of encoded information overtime

Answer 1

Storage

Question 2

The process of getting information out of memory storage

Answer 2

Retrieval

Question 3

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Answer 3

Sensory memory

Question 4

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten

Answer 4

Short term memory

Question 5

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences

Answer 5

Long term memory

Question 6

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention that is achieved through massed study or practice

Answer 6

The spacing effect

Question 7

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

Answer 7

Serial position effect

Question 8

The encoding of picture images

Answer 8

Visual encoding

Question 9

The encoding of sound, especially the sound of words

Answer 9

Acoustic encoding

Question 10

The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words

Answer 10

Semantic encoding

Question 11

Mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with Symantec encoding

Answer 11

Imagery

Question 12

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Answer 12

Mnemonics

Question 13

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

Answer 13

Chunking

Question 14

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second

Answer 14

Iconic memory

Question 15

The momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds

Answer 15

Echoic memory

Question 16

An increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory

Answer 16

Long term potentiation

Question 17

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Answer 17

Flashbulb memory

Question 18

The loss of memory

Answer 18

Amnesia

Question 19

Retention independent of conscious recollection. Also called non-declarative or procedural memory

Answer 19

Implicit memory

Question 20

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare. Also called declarative memory

Answer 20

Explicit memory

Question 21

A narrow center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage

Answer 21

The hippocampus

Question 22

The measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-blank-tests

Answer 22

Recall

Question 23

A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test

Answer 23

Recognition

Question 24

A measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time

Answer 24

Relearning

Question 25

The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory

Answer 25

Priming

Question 26

The Erie sense that I’ve experienced this before. Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience

Answer 26

Déjà vu

Question 27

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood

Answer 27

Mood congruent memory

Question 28

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

Answer 28

Proactive interference

Question 29

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

Answer 29

Retroactive interference

Question 30

In psychoanalytic theory, The basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

Answer 30

Repression

Question 31

Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event

Answer 31

Misinformation effect

Question 32

Attributing to the wrong sores and event that we have experienced, heard about, read about, or mountain also called source misattribution. Source amnesia, along with the miss information effect, is at the heart of many false memories.

Answer 32

Source amnesia

Question 33

The processing of information into the memory system for example, extracting meaning

Answer 33

Encoding

Question 34

The persistence of learning overtime through the storage and retrieval of information

Answer 34

Memory

Question 35

A newer understanding of short-term memory of that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory

Answer 35

Working memory

Question 36

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brains natural mode of information processing for many functions. Contrast with the step-by-step processing of most computers and of conscious problem-solving

Answer 36

Parallel processing

Question 37

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and well learned information, such as word meanings

Answer 37

Automatic processing

Question 38

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Answer 38

Effortful processing

Question 39

The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage

Answer 39

Rehearsal