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Pharmacology > Antibiotics: Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Antibiotics: Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Macrolides MOA

A

Bind the 50 s subunit irreversibly.

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2
Q

Macrolides spectrum

A

Gram positives. Bacteriostatic.

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3
Q

Macrolides elimination

A

fecal.

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4
Q

Macrolides resistance

A

efflux pumps and methylation of the drug binding site.

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5
Q

Macrolides toxicity

A

Diarrhea (erythro), QT pronlongation, hepatotoxicity and drug interactions (CYP 3A4)

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6
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolide. Oral/IV. Has immense GI effects and drug interactions.

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7
Q

Clarithromycin (biaxin)

A

Macrolide. Oral. Least GI disturbance but still has drug interactions.

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8
Q

Azithromycin (zithromax)

A

Macrolide. Oral/IV. Has some GI disturbances but has the least drug interactions.

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9
Q

Chlamydia DOC

A

Azithromycin or tetracycline

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10
Q

Ketolides: Telithromycin (ketek) MOA

A

Binds the 50S subunit with great affinity.

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11
Q

Telithromycin (ketek) spectrum

A

broad spectrum. Bacteriostatic. Good for erythromycin/penicillin resistant respiratory pathogens like pneumococci.

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12
Q

Telithromycin (ketek)

A

Ketolide. Oral.

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13
Q

Telithromycin (ketek) toxicity

A

Diarrhea, hepatotoxicity, drug interactions (CYP3A4).

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14
Q

Clindamycin (cleocin) MOA

A

Reversibly binds the 50S subunit.

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15
Q

Clindamycin spectrum

A

Aerobic gram positives and some anaerobic gram negative and positive organisms. Can be used for strep and staph infections (MRSA). Static or cidal depending on the concentration.

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16
Q

Osteomyelitis DOC

A

Clindamycin

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17
Q

Toxic Shock DOC

A

Clindamycin

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18
Q

Toxoplasma encephalitis DOC

A

Clindamycin

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19
Q

Clindamycin toxicity

A

pseudomembranous colitis (C-Diff). Hepatotoxicity. Crosses the placenta and breast milk.

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20
Q

Streptogramins

A

Dalfopristin;Quinupristin (synercid)

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21
Q

Synercid MOA

A

Blocks ribosome function. Dalfo in the early phase and Quin in the late phase. Bactericidal.

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22
Q

Synercid

A

Streptogramin. Dalfopristin;Quinupristin. IV.

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23
Q

Synercid toxicity

A

GI disturbance and drug interactions (CYP3A4)

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24
Q

Oxazolidinone

A

Linezolid (zyvox)

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25
Q

Linezolid MOA

A

prevents formation of a functional 70S ribosome.

26
Q

Linezolid spectrum

A

Aerobic gram positive. Reserved as an alternate to prevent resistance.

27
Q

Synercid Spectrum

A

Aerobic Gram positive. MSSA, MRSA, VRE.

28
Q

Linezolid (zyvox)

A

Oxazolidinone. IV/Oral.

29
Q

Linezolid toxicity

A

Reversible, nonselective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) causing an increase in serotonin and NE.

30
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA

A

Irreversibly inhibit protein synthesis by binding the 30S subunit. Bactericidal. Extremely polar so has to be actively transported into the baceteria using oxygen so limited to aerobes. Concentration dependent killing. With a long PAE.

31
Q

Aminoglycosides spectrum

A

Aerobic gram negative enteric bacterial rods. Often combined with beta lactam antibiotics.

32
Q

Streptomycin

A

Aminoglycoside. Second line TB drug. IV/IM.

33
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside. IV/IM, topical.

34
Q

Tobramycin

A

Aminoglycoside. IV/IM, topical.

35
Q

Amikacin

A

Aminoglycoside. IV/IM.

36
Q

Neomycin

A

Aminoglycoside. Oral, topical.

37
Q

Enterococcus infection DOC

A

Aminoglycoside and a penicillin.

38
Q

Pseudomonas aerginosa DOC

A

tobramycin with an antipsuedomonal penicillin

39
Q

Tuleremia DOC

A

Gentamycin

40
Q

Aminoglycoside toxicity

A

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

41
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotics (3)

A

Chloramphenicol (chloromycetin), tetracyclines and glycylcyclines.

42
Q

Chloramphenicol (choloromycetin) MOA

A

Binds the 50s subunit and prevents attachment of tRNA. Bacteriostatic. Can have effects on mammalian mitochondria.

43
Q

Chloramphenicol spectrum

A

reserved for life threatening infections. Broad spectrum. Best CNS penetration.

44
Q

Chloramphenicol treats:

A

typhoid fever, meningitis (H. influ, N. meningitides (pen resistant), S. pneumoniae), rickettsia, brucellosis, rocky mountain spotted fever, meliodosis, bacterial conjunctivitis (topical).

45
Q

Chloramphenicol toxicity

A

bone marrow suppression, fatal aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome.

46
Q

Chloramphenicol elimination

A

Conjugated with glucuronic acid in the liver.

47
Q

Chloramphenicol Resistance

A

acetyl transferase can be produced which acetylates the chloramphenicol and inactivates it.

48
Q

Tetracyclines MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis by binding the 30S subunit to block tRNA binding. bacteriostatic.

49
Q

Tetracycline spectrum

A

broad spectrum. Chelation with calcium and iron.

50
Q

Tetracycline contraindications

A

pregnant women and kids younger than 8.

51
Q

Tetracycline toxicity

A

Inhibits bone growth and teeth discoloration, photosensitivity, GI, superinfection, hepatotoxicity.

52
Q

Aminoglycoside elimination

A

excreted rapidly by the kidneys.

53
Q

Tetracycline

A

Oral.

54
Q

doxycycline

A

tetracycline. oral.

55
Q

minocycline

A

tetracyclne. oral.

56
Q

Cholera DOC

A

Tetracycline

57
Q

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

A

Tetracycline

58
Q

Lyme disease (early)

A

Tetracycline

59
Q

Vibrio

A

Tetracycline

60
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Tetracycline (doxycycline)

61
Q

Glycylcycline MOA

A

Similar to tetracycline but active against tetracycline resistant organisms.

62
Q

Glycylcycline treats

A

MRSA, MRSE (S. epidermis), PRSP (pen resistant strep. pneumoniae), VRE.

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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