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Pharmacology > Antibiotics: Others > Flashcards

Antibiotics: Others Flashcards

1
Q

Flouroquinolones MOA

A

inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomeraze IV. DNA can’t be replicated. Bactericidal.

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2
Q

Flouroquinolone Spectrum

A

Aerobic gram negative rods and some gram positive coverage (MRSA). Wide tissue distribution and penetration.

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3
Q

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

A

Flouroquinolone. Oral. antipsuedomonal.

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4
Q

Norfloxacin (noroxin)

A

Flouroquinolone. Oral. Prostatitis.

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5
Q

Ofloxacin (floxin)

A

Flouroquinolone. Oral. Prostatitis.

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6
Q

Levofloxacin (levaquin)

A

Flouroquinolone. Oral

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7
Q

Moxifloxacin (Avelox)

A

Flouroquinolone. Oral. anaerobes.

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8
Q

Gatifloxacin (tequin)

A

Flouroquinolone. Ocular application only.

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9
Q

Gemifloxacin (factive)

A

Flouroquinolone. Oral. Anaerobes.

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10
Q

Anthrax prophylaxis DOC

A

Cipro.

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11
Q

Pseudomonas aerginosa DOC

A

Cipro.

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12
Q

Flouroquinolone toxicity

A

Increase in QT interval, cartilage erosion, tendon rupture, GI disturbances, photosensitivity.

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13
Q

Flouroquinolone contraindications

A

pregnant and nursing women. children under 18 years of age.

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14
Q

Flouroquinolone resistance

A

changes in gyrase enzyme, decreased permeability, antibiotic modification

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15
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Prodrug. metabolites are taken into bacterial DNA where they form unstable molecules leading to fragmentation of the DNA. Need ferredoxin only found in anaerobes. bactericidal.

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16
Q

Metronidazole Spectrum

A

Anaerobic only. Gram positive and negative.

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17
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis (C-Diff) DOC

A

Metronidazole

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18
Q

Metronidazole route

A

oral, IV or topical.

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19
Q

Metronidazole toxicity

A

CNS with prolonged use, GI, Superinfections, metallic taste.

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20
Q

Exclusive UTI Drugs (2)

A

nitrofurantoin (Furadantin) and methenamine

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21
Q

Nitrofurantoin MOA

A

Prodrug reduced in bacteria to a metabolite that can attack and damage DNA and the ribosome. Bactericidal in the urine due to low pH.

22
Q

Nitrofurantoin Spectrum

A

Gram positive and negative. given orally.

23
Q

Nitrofurantoin toxicity

A

hemolytic anemia (G6PD deficiency), GI, hepatocellular damage, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Turns urine brown.

24
Q

Nitrofurantoin contraindications

A

late pregnancy, less than 1 month old, low creatine clearance.

25
Q

Methenamine MOA

A

prodrug that decomposes to formaldehye and ammonia in the urine and kills bacteria. Need low pH of the urine.

26
Q

Methenamine spectrum

A

Gram negative with some gram positive activity.

27
Q

Methenamine contraindications

A

hepatic and renal insufficiency.

28
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

Inhibit folate metabolism by competing with PABA to prevent the reduction of DHF to THF (folic acid). Prevents purine production and inhibits DNA synthesis.

29
Q

Sulfonamides spectrum

A

Gram positive and negative. Bacteriostatic.

30
Q

TMP-SMX (Bactrim)

A

Sulfonamide. Made of sulfamethoxazole (inhibits PABA) and trimethoprim (inhibits dihydrofolate reductase). Oral/IV.

31
Q

UTI DOC

A

TMP-SMX (Bactrim)

32
Q

Prophylaxis for pneumocystis jiroveci infections

A

TMP-SMX (Bactrim)

33
Q

Sulfamethoxazole (gantanol)

A

Sulfonamide. Oral. Slow excretion with high urine concentration.

34
Q

Sulfasalazine (azulfidine)

A

Sulfonamide. Oral. GI action, prodrug. Used to treat ulcerative colitis and RA.

35
Q

Silver sulfazalazine

A

Sulfonamide. topical burn treatment.

36
Q

Sulfonamides Elimination

A

metabolized in the liver, excreted by the kidney.

37
Q

Sulfonamides Contraindications

A

late pregnancy, nursing or premature/jaundiced infants. Any infants less than 2 months old.

38
Q

Sulfonamides resistance

A

increased PABA production, efflux pumps, decreased permeability, alternative metabolism (plasmids).

39
Q

Sulfonamides toxicity

A

SJS, kernicterus (compete with bili binding), aplastic anemia (G6PD), hematopoietic toxicity, kidney/liver damage, photosensitivity, common drug allergy.

40
Q

Daptomycin (cubicin) MOA

A

Lipoprotein antibiotics that forms transmembrane channels that lead to rapid depolarization causing cell death. Bactericidal.

41
Q

Daptomycin (cubicin) spectrum

A

Bactericidal against Gram positives (MRSA and MSSA)

42
Q

Daptomycin (cubicin)

A

IV. Empiric therapy in patients with a serious gram positive infection. Used as an alternative to vancomycin.

43
Q

Mupirocin (bactroban) MOA

A

reversibly binds to tRNA synthetase so it can’t make isoleucine tRNA. Inhibits protein and RNA synthesis. Produced by pseudomonas fluorescens.

44
Q

Mupirocin (bactroban) spectrum

A

Gram positive and negative. Usually bacteriostatic but can be bactericidal at high concentrations.

45
Q

Mupirocin (bactroban)

A

topical or intranasal application for infections of MRSA. Also used for impetigo (S. aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes).

46
Q

Polypeptide antibiotics MOA

A

lipid a endotoxin (gram negative cell membranes only).

47
Q

Polypeptide antibiotics spectrum

A

gram negative bacilli

48
Q

Polymyxin B (aerosporin)

A

Polypeptide antibiotics. topical

49
Q

Colistin (polymyxin E)

A

Polypeptide antibiotics. topical.

50
Q

Polypeptide antibiotics uses

A

Usually used in combination with neomycin and bacitracin as topical ointment. Also active against pseudomonas in the eye.

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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