4.4: The Romans at War. Flashcards
(16 cards)
What was the primary reason Rome went to war?
To expand territory, gain wealth and resources, increase prestige, and protect borders from external threats.
What role did the Senate play in declaring war?
The Senate approved declarations of war and granted command to generals (usually consuls or the emperor).
What was a triumph in ancient Rome?
A ceremonial victory parade awarded to a general who had achieved a significant military success.
What was the significance of war spoils (booty)?
Spoils of war, such as gold, slaves, and valuables, were distributed to soldiers, generals, and the state, helping fund future campaigns.
What did a Roman triumphal arch commemorate?
Military victories and achievements of generals and emperors, often inscribed with details of the campaign.
What was the impact of war on Roman politics?
Successful generals gained popularity and political power, often influencing or dominating Roman politics (e.g. Julius Caesar).
How did Roman military success influence Roman identity?
Military victories were central to Roman pride, culture, and identity. The idea of virtus (manly courage) was linked to battlefield heroism.
What was the role of the Roman gods in warfare?
Romans believed divine favour was essential to victory. They made sacrifices to gods like Mars (war), Jupiter (king of gods), and Bellona (war goddess).
What was a vexillum?
A military standard or flag used by Roman units in battle to maintain organisation and morale.
What happened to captured enemies and prisoners of war?
They were often enslaved, ransomed, used in triumphs, or forced to fight in gladiatorial games.
What was the psychological impact of Roman warfare on enemies?
Roman tactics of brutality and decisive victories often intimidated enemies into surrender without resistance.
What was a Roman siege tactic?
The Romans used techniques such as building siege ramps, towers, and using catapults to breach fortified cities.
How did the Roman army adapt to different enemies?
The army was flexible, adopting new weapons, tactics, and formations based on the enemy (e.g. guerrilla tactics in Spain).
Why was logistics important in Roman warfare?
Supplying food, weapons, and building roads/camps ensured the army could campaign for long periods effectively.
What were the long-term effects of Rome’s wars?
Rome became a vast empire, but prolonged warfare also led to political instability, economic strain, and eventual civil wars.
