4.7: Horace Flashcards
(14 cards)
Who was Horace?
A Roman poet (65–8 BCE) during the reign of Augustus, known for his Odes and Satires, which reflect Roman values, politics, and personal philosophy.
What type of poetry is Horace most famous for?
Lyric poetry, especially his Odes, which explore themes like love, patriotism, nature, moderation, and the Roman state.
What is the historical context of Horace’s poetry?
He wrote during the transition from Republic to Empire under Augustus, supporting Augustus’ ideals of peace (pax), stability, and traditional Roman virtues.
What is the key theme of Horace’s Ode 3.2?
It promotes military discipline, honour in dying for your country, and the value of courage over comfort or cowardice.
What famous Latin phrase comes from Horace’s Odes and what does it mean?
Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori – “It is sweet and fitting to die for one’s country.”
How does Horace present war and heroism?
He admires bravery and patriotism, urging young men to be courageous, but also values peace and moderation in life.
How does Horace reflect Augustus’ values?
His poetry supports Augustus’ agenda of restoring traditional Roman morals, praising discipline, family values, and loyalty to Rome.
What does Horace say about Greek culture in his poetry?
He admires Greek art and philosophy but also emphasises Roman strength, identity, and moral superiority.
What literary techniques does Horace use?
Horace uses imagery, rhetorical questions, contrast, personification, and allusions to myth and history to convey his messages.
How does Horace link morality and the military?
He sees moral strength—such as courage, discipline, and self-control—as essential for both soldiers and the success of the Roman state.
What message does Horace give young Roman men?
To embrace hardship, train for war, and be willing to die for Rome rather than live in cowardice or dishonour.
How does Horace balance seriousness and pleasure in his poetry?
While promoting discipline and duty, he also advises enjoying life’s simple pleasures and accepting fate—a philosophy called carpe diem (seize the day).
What role did poetry like Horace’s play in Roman society?
It was used to educate citizens, promote state values, and support Augustus’ political and moral reforms.
How does Horace’s poetry compare to Tyrtaeus’?
Both glorify dying for one’s country, but Horace uses a more refined, philosophical tone, while Tyrtaeus is direct and martial.
