The Roman Military in the Imperial Period 4.3 Flashcards
(14 cards)
What was the imperium in relation to Roman generals?
Imperium was the legal power to command an army, held by consuls, emperors, and provincial governors.
Who was the commander-in-chief of the Roman army in the Imperial period?
The Emperor (Imperator) was the supreme commander of the army.
What were the legions in the Roman army?
The legions were large units of Roman soldiers, each with around 5,000–6,000 men, made up of Roman citizens.
Who were the auxiliaries (auxilia)?
Non-citizen troops recruited from the provinces, often specialists like archers or cavalry. They earned Roman citizenship after 25 years of service.
What was a centurion?
A professional officer in charge of a century (approx. 80 soldiers) within a legion. Centurions were key to discipline and training.
What did a Roman soldier wear and carry in battle?
: A Roman soldier typically wore a helmet (galea), body armour (lorica segmentata), and carried a shield (scutum), short sword (gladius), and javelin (pilum).
What was the testudo formation?
The “tortoise” formation used by soldiers with shields interlocked above and in front, providing protection from missiles.
What role did the Roman army play in expanding the Empire?
The army was essential in conquering new territories and securing the frontiers, as well as spreading Roman culture.
How was discipline maintained in the Roman army?
Discipline was strict, with harsh punishments such as flogging or decimation. Training was continuous and rigorous.
What was a castra?
A Roman military camp, often built in a standardized rectangular layout with roads, barracks, and a central headquarters.
How did the army support Romanisation?
Soldiers built roads and towns, settled in provinces after retirement, and helped spread Latin language and Roman customs.
What was the significance of Hadrian’s Wall?
Built under Emperor Hadrian, it marked the northern frontier of the Roman Empire in Britain and symbolised Rome’s military strength and organisation.
What was the career path of a Roman legionary?
Typically 25 years of service; after retirement, legionaries received land or a pension and often settled in frontier provinces.
What was the role of the praetorian guard?
An elite unit that served as the emperor’s personal bodyguard and held significant political power in Rome.
