4.8: Virgil Flashcards
(14 cards)
Who was Virgil?
A Roman poet (70–19 BCE), best known for writing the Aeneid, Rome’s national epic, commissioned (or encouraged) by Augustus to glorify Rome’s origins.
What is the Aeneid about?
It tells the story of Aeneas, a Trojan hero who escapes Troy and journeys to Italy, where he becomes the mythical founder of the Roman people.
What is the historical context of the Aeneid?
Written during Augustus’ rule, the Aeneid supports the new Roman Empire by linking its origins to divine will and heroic tradition.
Who is Aeneas and what are his key traits?
Aeneas is the protagonist, known for his pietas (duty to the gods, family, and country), leadership, and sense of destiny.
What is pietas and why is it important?
Pietas means duty and devotion. It’s Aeneas’ defining virtue and a central Roman value promoted by the poem.
How does Virgil portray war in the Aeneid?
War is brutal but necessary for the foundation of Rome. It reflects both the heroism and the tragedy of empire-building.
What is the role of fate in the Aeneid?
Fate is unavoidable and guides Aeneas to fulfil his destiny to found Rome. Even the gods cannot fully oppose fate.
How is Dido used to contrast Aeneas?
Dido represents passion and distraction. Aeneas must abandon her to fulfil his mission, highlighting duty over emotion.
How does Virgil link Aeneas to Augustus?
Aeneas is portrayed as an ancestor of Augustus, and his mission mirrors Augustus’ role as restorer of peace and order.
What role do the gods play in the Aeneid?
The gods frequently intervene — supporting or hindering Aeneas. Jupiter ensures fate is fulfilled; Juno tries to delay him.
How does the Aeneid compare to Homer’s epics?
The Aeneid combines themes of The Odyssey (journey) and The Iliad (war) but with a Roman moral and political message.
How does Virgil explore the cost of empire?
He shows that empire requires sacrifice — Aeneas must leave love (Dido), face war, and accept personal loss for a greater good.
What literary techniques does Virgil use?
Virgil uses epic similes, divine machinery, dramatic irony, symbolism, and intertextual references to Homer.
What message does Virgil give about Roman identity?
That Romans are destined to rule with justice, bring peace (pax Romana), and act with duty and honour — the “mission” of Rome.
