Axilla and Pectoral Regions Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the dorsal scapular artery arise from?

A

the lateral part of the subclavian artery.

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2
Q

Identify A

A

Suprascapular artery

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3
Q

M?

A

Nipple

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4
Q

Identify A

A

Clavicular notch

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5
Q

What are the three components of the sternum?

A

manubrium, body and xiphoid

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6
Q

What artery supplies the pectoral region and axilla?

A

the axillary artery.

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7
Q

B

A

Costal cartilage of 1st rib

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8
Q

O

A

Subscapular artery

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9
Q

D

A

Basilic vein

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10
Q

What vessel supplies the serratus anterior?

A

lateral thoracic artery.

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11
Q

E

A

Sternal angle (manubriosternal joint)

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12
Q

What bones make up the boundaries of the axilla?

A

The shaft of the clavicle, the glenoid cavity of the scapula, part of the body of the humerus, and the first 5 ribs.

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13
Q

A

A

Cervicodorsal trunk

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14
Q

Identify E

A

Circumflex scapular branch of subscapular artery

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15
Q

Identify H

A

Teres major

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16
Q

In cases of injury to regions near the scapular anastomoses, what happens to the direction of blood flow?

A

it is reversed. This allows blood to flow to the distal portion of the axilllary artery and the rest of the arm, forearm and hand.

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17
Q

What is 1?

A

Vertebral artery

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18
Q

B

A

Inferior hyoid artery

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19
Q

F?

A

Anterior interosseous vv.

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20
Q

What is 4?

A

Common carotid artery

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21
Q

N

A

Circumflex scapular artery

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22
Q

17

A

Cephalic vein

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23
Q

Where does lymph also come from?

A

parasternal and abdominal lymph nodes.

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24
Q

3

A

Medial wall

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25
Q

6

A

Anterior jugular vein

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26
Q

F?

A

Pectoral branch

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27
Q

What innervates the subclavius?

A

the nerve to subclavius (C5, 6)

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28
Q

7?

A

Pectoral fascia

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29
Q

9?

A

Suspensory ligament of axilla

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30
Q

J

A

Costal notches

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31
Q

Q

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral artery

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32
Q

Identify F

A

Xiphoid process

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33
Q

What ribs are considered to be “false ribs?”

A

8 - 10; they are also known as vertebrochondral ribs.

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34
Q

S

A

Axillary artery

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35
Q

D?

A

Subcutaneous tissue

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36
Q

F

A

Subscapularis

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37
Q

H?

A

Palmar digital vv.

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38
Q

What is 20?

A

Ascending cervical artery

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39
Q

C

A

Axillary lymph nodes

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40
Q

What is the second division of the subclavian artery?

A

posterior to the anterior scalene muscle.

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41
Q

What arterial branches anastomose around the scapula?

A

subclavian and axillary arteries.

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42
Q

J

A

Perforator vv.

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43
Q

What are the two superificial veins of the arm and forearm?

A

basilic and cephalic veins.

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44
Q

What is 17?

A

Transverse cervical artery (cervicodorsal trunk)

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45
Q

Where do mammary gland lobules converge?

A

on the nipple.

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46
Q

What is the first division of the subclavian artery?

A

medial to the anterior scalene muscle.

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47
Q

B

A

Cephalic vein

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48
Q

Identify B

A

Pectoralis minor

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49
Q

G

A

Internal thoracic artery

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50
Q

M?

A

Thoracodorsal artery

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51
Q

What is 4?

A

Lobule

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52
Q

5

A

Anterior wall

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53
Q

Identify O

A

Levator scapulae

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54
Q

What make up the anterior boundaries of the axilla?

A

clavicle, subclavius, pectoralis major, pctoralis minor

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55
Q

What muscle does the breast rest on?

A

the pectoral fascia

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56
Q

Identify D

A

Axillary lymph nodes

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57
Q

What is 6?

A

Alveoli

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58
Q

G?

A

4th intercostal space

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59
Q

C?

A

Thoracoepigastric vein

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60
Q

The clavipectoral fascia includes what two muscles?

A

the subclavius and pectoralis minor.

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61
Q

18

A

Axillary artery

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62
Q

Identify J

A

Ligature of brachial artery

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63
Q

12

A

Basilic vein

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64
Q

J?

A

6th rib

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65
Q

Identify C

A

Sternal angle

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66
Q

What is 3?

A

Inferior hyoid artery

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67
Q

The muscles of the pectoral region are innervated by what rami?

A

the ventral rami of spinal nerves via branches of the brachial plexus.

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68
Q

O?

A

Thoracoacromial artery

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69
Q

10

A

Pectoralis major

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70
Q

Where does the subclavius distally attach?

A

inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of clavicle.

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71
Q

F?

A

Pectoralis major

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72
Q

What vessels supply the pectoralis minor?

A

pectoral branches of the thoracoacromial arterial trunk.

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73
Q

At what region does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

the lateral border of the first rib.

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74
Q

What ribs are considered to be “true ribs?”

A

1-7; they are also known as vertebrocostal ribs.

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75
Q

I

A

Xiphoid process

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76
Q

L?

A

Lateral thoracic artery

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77
Q

4?

A

Pectoralis major

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78
Q

Identify G

A

Teres major

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79
Q

1

A

Sternum

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80
Q

What nerves innervate the breast?

A

4 - 6th intercostal nerves; it may also receive innervation from the supraclavicular nerve branches and other intercostal nerves.

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81
Q

What is 5?

A

Thyrocervical trunk

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82
Q

2?

A

Pectoralis minor

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83
Q

What is 7?

A

Lactiferous sinus

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84
Q

T

A

Thoraco-acromial artery

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85
Q

E

A

Subclavian artery

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86
Q

What are the commonly found branches of the subclavian artery?

A

supreme intercostal artery and deep cervical artery.

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87
Q

13

A

Brachial artery

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88
Q

Identify C

A

Pectoralis major

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89
Q

Identify G

A

Axillary artery

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90
Q

H?

A

Subscapular artery

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91
Q

G?

A

Radial vv.

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92
Q

U

A

Superior thoracic artery

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93
Q

V

A

Clavicle

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94
Q

Q?

A

Suspensory ligaments

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95
Q

Identify B

A

Ligature of axillary artery

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96
Q

What type of glands are mammary glands?

A

modified sweat glands.

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97
Q

What vein drains the pectoral and axillary regions?

A

the axilary vein. It generally follows the course of the axillary artery.

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98
Q

What is 9?

A

Internal thoracic artery

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99
Q

11?

A

Axillary fossa

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100
Q

C?

A

Retromammary space

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101
Q

Identify F

A

Subscapularis

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102
Q

What is the retromammary space?

A

The space betweeen the breast and pectoral fascia.

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103
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

A

3 - 5th ribs near the costal cartilages.

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104
Q

What is the distal attachmen tof the pectoralis minor?

A

coracoid process of scpula.

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105
Q

O?

A

Lactiferous sinus

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106
Q

B?

A

Axillary vein

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107
Q

What is the long thoracic nerve innervated by?

A

long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7)

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108
Q

Ribs are typically found in what region of the vertebral column?

A

thoracic

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109
Q

What are the actions of the pectoralis major?

A

adduction and medial rotation of the humerus Anterior and inferior movement of the scapular. Flexion of the humerus (via clavicle) Esxtension of the humeris in a flexed position (via the sternum).

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110
Q

Identify A

A

Axillary sheath

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111
Q

2

A

Axillary tail of breast

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112
Q

E

A

Median cuboital vein

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113
Q

A

A

Jugular notch

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114
Q

What is 2?

A

Nipple

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115
Q

3?

A

Clavicle

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116
Q

Identify E

A

Serratus anterior

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117
Q

What is the origin of the subclavian artery?

A

the brachiocephalic trunk (right) and the aortic arch (left). It arises posterior to sternoclaviacular joint.

118
Q

I

A

Dorsal scapular artery

119
Q

16

A

Subscapularis

120
Q

W

A

Deep scapular artery

121
Q

21

A

Pectoralis minor

122
Q

A

A

Pectoralis major

123
Q

4

A

Omohyoid

124
Q

What makes up the posterior boundaries of the axilla?

A

scapula, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi and teres major.

125
Q

3

A

Sternocleidomastoid

126
Q

Identify D

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

127
Q

7

A

Clavicle (cut) subclavius

128
Q

Where is the sternal angle found?

A

between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.

129
Q

P?

A

Fat lobule

130
Q

P

A

Lateral thoracic artery

131
Q

A?

A

Subclavian vein

132
Q

What nerves innervate the pectoral region?

A

supraclavicular nerves, anterior and lateral branches of intercostal nerves.

133
Q

5?

A

Costocoracoid membrane

134
Q

What is 5?

A

Lactiferous ducts

135
Q

14

A

Accompanying veins of brachial artery (brachial veins)

136
Q

Identify N

A

Dorsal scapular artery

137
Q

J

A

Ligature of brachial artery

138
Q

11

A

Axillary vein

139
Q

5

A

Nipple

140
Q

What is 8?

A

Lobe

141
Q

What veins, arteries and nerves are found in the clavipectoral fascia?

A

cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery and lateral pectoral nerves.

142
Q

9

A

Cervicoaxillary canal

143
Q

B?

A

Subclavian artery

144
Q

Identify I

A

Brachial artery

145
Q

What are the actions of the subclavius?

A

anchor and depression of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle.

146
Q

What bones make up the pectoral region?

A

clavicles, sternum, ribs and scapula.

147
Q

K

A

Thoracodorsal artery

148
Q

F

A

1st rib

149
Q

What innervates the pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1). It is usually pierced by this nerve.

150
Q

L

A

Deep artery of arm (profunda brachii artery)

151
Q

The medial and lateral pectoral nerves are named for what?

A

the part of the brachial plexus that they come from. The medial pectoral nerve arises from the medial cord, and the lateral pectoral nerve arises form the lateral cord.

152
Q

K?

A

Mammary gland lobules (lactating)

153
Q

X

A

Superficial cervical artery

154
Q

How many divisions does the subclavian artery have?

A

3

155
Q

23

A

Transverse cervical vein

156
Q

H

A

Intercapitular vv.

157
Q

J?

A

Deep artery or arm

158
Q

What type of ducts open at the nipple?

A

lactiferous ducts.

159
Q

What is 16?

A

Middle scalene

160
Q

What are the actions of the pectoralis minor?

A

stabilizes the scapula by pulling it anteriorly and inferiorly against the posterior thoracic wall.

161
Q

L

A

Clsvicular notch

162
Q

What veins supply the breast?

A

Main the axillary vein via lateral thoracic veins and medial mammary veins. Some drainage to internal thoracic veins via anterior intercostal veins also occur.

163
Q

What is 6?

A

Costocervical trunk

164
Q

What is 8?

A

1st rib

165
Q

What is 1?

A

Areolar gland

166
Q

2

A

Subclavian vein

167
Q

6

A

Areola

168
Q

C

A

Thyrocervical artery

169
Q

What muscles make up the boundaries of the axilla?

A

pectoralis major (anterior), latissismus dorsi and teres major (posterior), serratus anteior (chest wall).

170
Q

6?

A

Pectoralis minor

171
Q

Where does the pectoralis major distally attach?

A

lateral lip of the interubercular sulcus (biciptal groove)

172
Q

B

A

Pectoralis minor

173
Q

Identify K

A

Deep artery of arm

174
Q

4

A

Lobules of fat

175
Q

What vessels supply the pectoralis major?

A

pectoral branches of the thoracoacromial arterial trunk.

176
Q

D?

A

Acromial branch

177
Q

What vein supplies the deltopectoral triangle?

A

cephalic vein.

178
Q

3?

A

Serratus anterior

179
Q

E?

A

Brachial vv.

180
Q

H?

A

Mammory gland lobules (resting)

181
Q

Y

A

Suprascapular artery

182
Q

What are the actions of the serratus anterior?

A

protracts scapula, rotates scapula, holds scapula agianst thorax.

183
Q

What is 18?

A

Deep scapular artery (deep branch of transverse cervical artery)

184
Q

What are the three commonly found branches of the medial part of the subclavian artery?

A

Internal thoracic mammary artery, vertbebral artery and thyrocervical arterial trunk.

185
Q

2

A

1st rib

186
Q

7

A

Lateral wall

187
Q

D

A

Latissimus dorsi

188
Q

D?

A

Thoracodorsal vein

189
Q

15

A

Biceps brachii

190
Q

K?

A

Brachial artery

191
Q

R

A

Ligature of axillary artery

192
Q

Identify B

A

Manubrium

193
Q

Where does the dorsal scapular artery run along?

A

the vertebral border of the scapula.

194
Q

Identify H

A

Latissimus dorsi

195
Q

I?

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

196
Q

What muscles make up the deltopectoral triangle?

A

deltoid, pectoralis major, middle 1/3 of clavicle.

197
Q

3

A

Axilla

198
Q

What vessels supply the subclavius?

A

clavicular branches of thoracoacromial arterial trunk.

199
Q

D

A

Vertebral artery

200
Q

I?

A

Pectoral fascia

201
Q

What is the fascia of the pectoral region?

A

It consists of superifical and deep layers that define borders, invest muscles and create potential spaces.

202
Q

A?

A

Alveolus

203
Q

8?

A

Pectoralis major

204
Q

What arteries supply the breast?

A

anterior intercostal, lateral thoracic and internal thoracic arteries.

205
Q

B

A

Posterior axillary fold

206
Q

G

A

Axillary sheath

207
Q

1

A

Clavicle

208
Q

C?

A

Suprascapular artery

209
Q

8

A

2nd rib

210
Q

The lymphatic drainage of breast tissue occurs in what regions?

A

nipple, areola, lactiferous lobules and subareolar lymph nodes.

211
Q

What is 15?

A

Posterior scalene

212
Q

A?

A

Thyrocervical trunk

213
Q

Identify G

A

Costal notches

214
Q

A

A

Anterior axillary fold

215
Q

20

A

Deltoid

216
Q

1?

A

Subclavius

217
Q

7

A

Serratus anterior

218
Q

F

A

Median antebrachial vein

219
Q

What are the two branches of the thyocervical arterial trunk?

A

transverse cervical artery has a superficial and eep branch (dorsal scapular artery).

220
Q

What is 7?

A

Clavicle

221
Q

F

A

Body of sternum

222
Q

10?

A

Axillary fascia

223
Q

K

A

Radiate sternocostal ligaments

224
Q

2?

A

Omohyoid

225
Q

Identify L

A

Anastomoses with intercostal arteries

226
Q

K?

A

Ulnar vv.

227
Q

What is 3?

A

Areola

228
Q

The lymphatic drainage of breast tissue is related to what?

A

The metasis of cancer cells.

229
Q

Identify M

A

Rhomboid minor

230
Q

Identify F

A

Thoracodorsal artery

231
Q

1

A

External jugular vein

232
Q

10

A

Apex of axilla

233
Q

What is 12?

A

Subclavian artery

234
Q

H

A

Xiphisternal joint

235
Q

M

A

Brachial artery

236
Q

J?

A

Deep palmar venous arch

237
Q

E?

A

Deltoid branch

238
Q

B?

A

2nd rib

239
Q

what innervates the pectoralis major?

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5, C6 - clavicular portion, C7, C8, T1 - sternocostal region).

240
Q

Identify E

A

Xiphisternal joint

241
Q

9

A

Pectoralis minor

242
Q

D

A

Manubrium

243
Q

4?

A

Subclavius

244
Q

The clavipectoral fascia becomes what ligament of the axilla?

A

the suspensory ligament.

245
Q

G

A

Cephalic vein

246
Q

H

A

Pectoralis minor

247
Q

What is 11?

A

Deep cervical artery

248
Q

Identify C

A

Subscapular artery

249
Q

What are some concents of the axilla?

A

The axillary sheath (axillary a, axillary v, brachial plexus), pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, teres ajor, latissismus dorsi, subscapularis, central and pectoral lymph nodes.

250
Q

What artery supplies the deltopectoral triangle?

A

the deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery (from axillary artery).

251
Q

What two bones do ribs articulate with?

A

the sternum and vertebrae.

252
Q

How does the breast attach to the dermis of the skin?

A

via suspensory ligaments (cooper’s ligaments).

253
Q

What ribs are considered “atypical?”

A

1, 2, 11 & 12

254
Q

5

A

Internal jugular vein

255
Q

E?

A

Pectoralis minor

256
Q

22

A

Suprascapular veins

257
Q

G

A

Transverse ridges

258
Q

I?

A

Palmar metacarpal vv.

259
Q

What is 14?

A

Suprascapular artery

260
Q

E

A

Teres major

261
Q

K

A

Median basilic vein

262
Q

1?

A

Deep cervical fascia

263
Q

C

A

Basilic hiatus

264
Q

6

A

Posterior wall

265
Q

Where does the serratus anterior distally attach?

A

anterior surface of medial border of the scapula.

266
Q

What is the third division of the subclavian artery?

A

lateral to the anterior scalene muscle.

267
Q

C

A

Synchondrosis of first rib

268
Q

A

A

Deltopectoral groove

269
Q

8

A

Intertubercular groove

270
Q

What is 19?

A

Superficial cervical artery (superficial branch of transverse cervical artery)

271
Q

I

A

Superficial palmar venous arch

272
Q

N?

A

Areola

273
Q

4

A

Base of axilla

274
Q

Z

A

Anterior scalene muscle

275
Q

What makes up the lateral boundary of the axilla?

A

intertubercular sulcus, tendon of long head of biceps, coracobrachialis tendon.

276
Q

What is 9?

A

Suspensory ligaments

277
Q

What is 2?

A

Anterior scalene

278
Q

Where does the subclavius proximally attach?

A

junction of the first rib and its costal cartilage.

279
Q

G?

A

Axillary artery

280
Q

What do the sternal ends of ribs articulate with?

A

The sternum, costal cartilage or it sits in the fascia.

281
Q

Where does the pectoralis major proximally attach?

A

clavicular and sternocostal regions. The anterior surface of media 1/2 of clavicle, anterior surface of sternum and superior 6 costal cartilages

282
Q

L?

A

Lactiferous ducts

283
Q

N?

A

Circumflex scapular artery

284
Q

Where does the serratus anterior proximally attach?

A

external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-9.

285
Q

Identify D

A

Body of sternum (sternebrae)

286
Q

What is 13?

A

Axillary artery

287
Q

What two arteries have tributaries that provide blood to the pectoral, should and axillary regions?

A

subclavian and axillary arteries.

288
Q

How much of the lymph is from the breast?

A

>75%; it comes from axillary lymph nodes (pectoral, central and apical)

289
Q

What is 10?

A

Supreme intercostal artery

290
Q

19

A

Pectorlais major