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A. White- Human Anatomy > Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superior and inferior boundaries of the gluteal region?

A

iliac crest and gluteal sulcus.

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2
Q

What ligaments form important foramina for the passage of structures into and out of the gluteal region?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

Lesser sciatic foramen

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3
Q

What exits the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Gluteal neurovascular bundles

Piriformis muscle

Sciatic nerve

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

pudenal and internal pudenal nerves

obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve

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4
Q

What enters and exits the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

pudenal nerve, internal pudenal nerve, obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve (enter)

obturator internus (exits)

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5
Q

What are the two major classifications of nerves in the gluteal region?

A

cluneal nerves and deep nerves (from the sacral plexus)

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6
Q

The superior and middle clunearl nerves arise from what regions of the dorsal rami?

A

lateral branches

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7
Q

The superior and middle cluneal nerves supply what areas?

A

superior 2/3, sacrum and adjacent area

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8
Q

The inferior cluneal nerves supply what area?

A

inferior 1/3 of gluteal region.

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9
Q

What comprises the inferior cluneal nerves?

A

Gluteal branchs of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1 - S3 ventral rami branches)

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10
Q

Where does the superior glutreal nerve run between?

A

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

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11
Q

The superior gluteal nerve leaves the pelvis with what artery?

A

superior gluteal artery.

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12
Q

What does the superior gluteal nerve supply?

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae

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13
Q

What does the inferior gluteal nerve supply?

A

gluteus maximus

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14
Q

What artery does the inferior gluteal nerve leave the pelvis with?

A

inferior gluteal artery

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15
Q

The sciatic nerve arises from what roots?

A

L4 - S3 ventral rami

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16
Q

What is the largest nerve in the body?

A

sciatic nerve

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17
Q

True or false: the sciatic nerve supplies gluteal structures.

A

False

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18
Q

The sciatic nerve leaves the pelvis inferior to what muscle?

A

piriformis

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19
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve run inferiorly to?

A

gluteus maximus

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20
Q

You encounter a patient who has dislocated their hip during a car accident. The hip dislocation caused paralysis of hamstrings and muscles distal to the knee. What nerve has most likely been affected?

A

sciatic nerve

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21
Q

What roots doe the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve arise from?

A

S1 - S3.

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22
Q

What nerve supplies more skin than any other cutaneous nerve?

A

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

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23
Q

What roots does the quadraturs/inferior gemellus nerve arise from?

A

L4 - S1

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24
Q

What roots does the obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve arise from?

A

L5 - S2

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25
Q

The obturator internus/superior gemellus leaves the pelvis via what foramen?

A

greater sciatic foramen

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26
Q

Where does the obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve reenter the pelvis?

A

lesser sciatic foramen

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27
Q

What roots comprise the pudenal nerve?

A

S2 - S4

28
Q

Which nerve is the most medial structure exiting the greater sciatic foramen?

A

pudenal nerve

29
Q

Where does the pudenal nerve reenter the pelvis?

A

via lesser sicatic foramen to supply perineal structures.

30
Q

Arteries of the gluteal region have branches that arise from what major artery?

A

internal iliac artery

31
Q

What braches of the internal iliac artery are found in the gluteal region?

A

superior gluteal artery

inferior gluteal artery

internal pudenal artery

32
Q

What is the largest internal iliac artery branch?

A

superior gluteal artery

33
Q

The superficial branch of the superior gluteal artery supplies what muscle?

A

gluteus maximus

34
Q

The deep branch of the superior gluteal artery supplies what muscles

A

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

tensor fascia lata

35
Q

What muscles do the inferior gluteal artery supply?

A

gluteus maximus

small lateral rotators

superior hamstrings

36
Q

The inferior gluteal artery participates in ____ of the thigh.

A

criciate anastomosis

37
Q

What makes up the criciate anastomosis of the thigh?

A

transverse branch of medial circumflex femoral artery

terminal part of the transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery

First perforating artery

Inferior gluteal artery

38
Q

Where does the internal pudenal artery reenter the pelvis?

A

via the lesser sciatic foramen with pudenal nerve

39
Q

What does the internal pudenal artery supply?

A

perineal muscles and external genitalia

40
Q

True or false: the internal pudenal artery supplies gluteal structures

A

false

41
Q

Where should injections to the gluteal region be administered?

A

the supero-lateral part of the gluteal region in order to avoid the sciatic nerve and other gluteal nerves and vessels.

42
Q

What muscles make up the gluteal thigh extensors and abductors?

A

gluteal aponeurosis

gluteus maximus

tensor fascia lata

43
Q

What is the largest gluteal muscle?

A

gluteus maximus

44
Q

What is the action of the gluteus maximus?

A

extensor of the thigh and lateral rotation.

45
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?

A

inferior gluteal nerve (L5 - S1)

46
Q

Where does the gluteus maximus attach?

A

Posterior gluteal line

47
Q

The gluteus medius and minimus are partially covered by what muscle?

A

gluteus maximus

48
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Thigh abduction and medial rotation.

49
Q

What are the gluteus medius and minimus innervated by?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

50
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

superior gluteal nerve

51
Q

What is the tensor fascia lata enclosed by?

A

fascia lata

52
Q

What nerve innervates the tensor fascia lata?

A

superior gluteal nerve

53
Q

What are the actions of the tensor fascia lata?

A

Abducts, medially rotates and flexes thigh.

Slight extension of knee along with the gluteus maximus.

54
Q

What are some of the functions of the iliotibial tract?

A

Decelerates adduction of thigh

Laterally stabilizes knee

Extends leg, compensate for quadirceps paralysis via gluteus maximum flexion.

Pulls patella laterally, antagonist of vastus medialis and synergist with flexing vastus laterials for this action.

55
Q

In order to treat chondromalacia patella, what must be stretched?

A

Illiotibial tract

56
Q

You encounter a patient with gluteal gait or limp. What nerve is most likely affected?

A

superior gluteal nerve

57
Q

What is the effect of a gluteal gait or limp?

A

patient loses steadying action of gluteus medius and minimus.

58
Q

The piriformis lies deep to_____.

A

gluteus maximus

59
Q

The piriformis muscle attaches to what region?

A

The sacral region and the greater trochanter of the femur.

60
Q

Where does the obturator internus leave the pelvis?

A

Through lesser sciatic foramen

61
Q

What two muscles, along with the obturator internus, form the triceps coxae?

A

superior and inferior gemelli

62
Q

Where does the obturator externus attach?

A

External margins of obturator foramen

trochanteric fossa

63
Q

What nerve innervates the obturator externus?

A

obturator nerve (L3, L4).

64
Q

The gluteal region is located posterior to what bone?

A

The pelvis

65
Q

What muscles medially rotate the gluteal region?

A

Tensor fascae latae

Glutus minimus

Gluteus medius

66
Q

What muscles laterally rotate the gluteal region?

A

quadratus femoris

gluteus maximus

67
Q

Which of the small lateral rotators is least effective when the thigh is flexed?

A

Quadratus femorus

A. White- Human Anatomy (23 decks)

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