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A. White- Human Anatomy > Posterior Leg > Flashcards

Posterior Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest foot bone, and what does it articulate with?

A

calcaneus

superiorly = talus

anteriorly = cuboid

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2
Q

What is the sustentaculum tali?

A

A shelf-like projection that supports talus and provides groove for flexor hallucis longus.

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3
Q

What does the navicular articulate with?

A

posteriorly = talus head

anteriorly = 3 cuneiforms

laterally = cuboid

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4
Q

What muscle attaches at the navicular tuberosity?

A

tibialis posterior

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5
Q

What muscles are in the superifical posterior group?

A

gastrocnemius

soleus

plantaris

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6
Q

What muscles are in the deep posterior group?

A

popliteus

flexor hallucis longus

flexor digitorum longus

tibialis posterior

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7
Q

The tibial nerve and posterior tibial vessels are ____ to transverse crural intermuscular septum

A

deep

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8
Q

What is the most superficial posterior compartment muscle?

A

gastrocnemius

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9
Q

What joints do the gastrocnemius cross?

A

knee and ankle joints.

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10
Q

What are the actions of the gastrocnemius?

A

plantar flexion and flexion of the leg at the knee joint.

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11
Q

What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus.

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12
Q

The medial and lateral tubercles have a groove for what tendon?

A

Flexor hallucis longus tendon

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13
Q

The lateral head of the gastrocnemius may have what bone close to its proximal attachment?

A

fabella. It provides leverage for lateral head of gastrocnemius.

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14
Q

If there is a fabellar stress fracture, what are the consequences?

A

total knee replacement

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15
Q

What is the soleus?

A

A broad, flat multipennate muscle that lies deep to the gastrocnemus.

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16
Q

What are the attachments of the soleus?

A

soeal line of tibia

posterior head of the fibula and superior 1/4 of posterior fibula

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17
Q

Where does the soleus insert?

A

Into the posterior surface of calcaneus via tendo calcaneus (achilles tendone_

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18
Q

What is the action of the soleus?

A

plantar flexion

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19
Q

What do the soleus and gastrocnemius form?

A

the triceps surae

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20
Q

What is the plantaris muscle?

A

A small muscle with a short belly and long tendon.

It is often absent.

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21
Q

Where does the plantaris attach?

A

Lateral end of lateral supracondylar line

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22
Q

What are the actions of the plantaris?

A

Weak plantar flexion and leg flexion

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23
Q

The plantaris muscle participates in leg flexion. What is another role that the plantris plays in movement?

A

proprioception

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24
Q

What tendon is commonly used in reconstructive surgery for hand tendons?

A

long tendon

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25
Q

The plantaris can possibly rupture during what ankle movements?

A

violent ankle movements (dorsiflexsion of ankle joints).

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26
Q

What are the four deep posterior muscles?

A

popliteus

flexor hallicis longus

flexor digitorum longus

tibialis posterior

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27
Q

What muscle forms the inferior floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

popliteus

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28
Q

Where does the popliteus attach?

A

Lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle and lateral meniscus.

Also the posterior tibia (superior to soleal line)

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29
Q

What are the actions of the popliteus?

A

unlocks enxtended leg by laterally rotating femur on a stationary tibia

also flexes leg weakly

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30
Q

Whta arteries supply the popliteal fossa?

A

superior medial and lateral genicular arteries

inferior medial genicualr artery

inferior lateral genicular artery

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31
Q

What is the largest deep posterior muscle, and what does it lie deep to?

A

flexor hallucis longus

lies deep to soleus

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32
Q

What is the attachment of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula

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33
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

base of distal phalanx of great toe

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34
Q

What are the actions of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

Flexes great toe

plantar flex foot at ankle joint.

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35
Q

Where is the flexor digitorum longus located?

A

Deep to soleus and posterior to tibia.

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36
Q

What is the attachment of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

posterior tibia (inferior to sloeal line)

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37
Q

The tendon of the flexor digitorum long passes ___ to tibialis posterior.

A

posterior

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38
Q

When does the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus divide into four tendons that pass lateral four digits?

A

near the middle of the sole

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39
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

distal phalanx base of lateral four digits

40
Q

What are the actions of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

flexes lateral four digits

plantar flex foot at ankle joint.

41
Q

What is the deepest posterior crural muscle?

A

tibialis posterior

42
Q

What does the tibialis posterior lie between?

A

FDL and FHL

43
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the tibialis posterior?

A

interosseous membrane

posterior tibia inferior to soleal line

posteromedial surface of fibula

44
Q

What is the distal attachment of the tibialis posterior?

A

navicular tuberosity

cuneiforms

cuboid

2-4 metatarsal bases

45
Q

What are the functions of the tibialis posterior?

A

inversion and planta flexsion.

46
Q

What nerve supplies all posterior compartment muscles?

A

Tibial nerve

47
Q

The tibial nerve passes with what vessels?

A

posterior tibial vessels

48
Q

How does the tibial nerve leave the posterior compartment?

A

It passes deep to flexor retinaculum between medial malleolus and calcaneus

49
Q

What does the tibial nerve eventually divide into?

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

50
Q

What is the blood supply of the posterior compartment?

A

posterior tibial artery.

It gives rise to the fibular artery.

51
Q

What is the largest branch of the posterior tibial artery?

A

fibular artery

52
Q

What compartments does the fibular artery vascularize?

A

posterior and lateral compartments.

53
Q

Where is the posterior tibial pulse palpated between?

A

posterior surface of medial malleolus

medial border of calcaneal tendon

54
Q

THe posterior tibial pulse is used to examine patients with what disease?

A

occlusive peripheral arterial disease

55
Q

What is the occlusive peripheral arterial disease caused by?

A

Ischemia of leg muscles due to narrowing or occlusion of leg arteries.

It is characterized by leg cramps and pain during walking

56
Q

What is the fibular trochlea?

A

A ridge on the lateral surface of the calcaneus

57
Q

What does the cuboid articulate with?

A

posteriorly = calcaneus

anteriorly = 4th and 5h metatarsals

medially = navicular and lateral cuneiform

58
Q

What is the crural fascia continous with?

A

fascia lata

59
Q

What fascia covers the leg muscles?

A

crural fascia

60
Q

What does the crural fascial form distally?

A

extensor retinaculum

it prevents bowstringing during dorsiflexion

61
Q

What nerve suppleis the anterior portion of the thigh?

A

femoral nerve

62
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior portion of the thigh?

A

sciatic nerve

it is involved in flexion

63
Q

What nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?

A

obturator nerve

64
Q

What are the anterior (extensor) compartment muscles?

A

Tibialis anterior

extensor hallucis longus

extensor digitorum longus

fibularis lertius

65
Q

What are the primary functions of the anterior (extensor) compartment muscles?

A

dorsiflexion

toe extension

66
Q

What is the tibialis anterior?

A

A long, thick muscle on the anterolateral surface of the tibia

67
Q

Where does the tibialis anterior proximally attach?

A

lateral tibial condyle and superolateral 1/2 of tibia.

68
Q

Where does the tibialis anterior distally attach?

A

Medial surfaceo f first cuneiform and first metatarsal base

69
Q

What are the functions of the tibialis anterior?

A

dorsiflexion and inversion of toe

70
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the extensor digotorum longus?

A

lateral tibial condyle

anterior fibular surface

interosseous membrane

71
Q

What are the distal attachments of the extensor digitorum longus?

A

Lateral four proximal phalanges

distal phalanx

middle phalanx

72
Q

What are the actions of the extensor digitorum longus?

A

Extension of lateral four digits

dorsiflexion

73
Q

What is the proximal attchment of the fibularis tertius?

A

anteroinferior fibular surface

74
Q

What is the distal attachment of the fibuarlis tertius?

A

dorsum of fifth metatarsal base

75
Q

What are the actions of the fibularis tertius?

A

dorsiflexion

eversion

76
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

Anteriomedial fibular surface and interosseous membrane.

77
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

base of distal phalanx of hallux

78
Q

What are the functions of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

extend hallux

dorsiflex ankle

79
Q

What nerve innvervates the anterior compartment?

A

deep fibular nerve

80
Q

What does the deep fibular nerve supply?

A

anterior compartment muscles

ankle joint and metacarpal phalangeal joints

dorsal intrinsic foot muscles

skin between first and second digits

81
Q

What artery arises from the popliteal artery?

A

anterior tibial artery.

82
Q

What does the lateral compartment of the leg contain?

A

Fibularis brevis

Superificial fibular nerve

Fibularis longus

83
Q

Where does the filbuaris longus muscle extend from?

A

Fibular head to sole of foot

84
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the fibularis longus muscle?

A

head and superolateral 2/3 of fibula

85
Q

What is the distal attachment of the fibularis longus muscle?

A

first metatarsal and medial cuneiform bone

86
Q

What are the functions of the fibularis longus muscle?

A

eversion and plantar flexion

87
Q

What is the fibularis brevis muscle deep to?

A

fibularis longus

88
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the fibularis brevis muscle?

A

inferolateral 2/3 of tibia

89
Q

What is the distal attachment of the fibularis brevis muscle?

A

dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of fifth metatarsal

90
Q

What are the functions of the fibuarlis brevis muscle?

A

eversion

plantar flexion

91
Q

What does the superficial fibular nerve supply?

A

anteroinferior leg

entrie dorsal surface of the foot

most of the dorsal aspect of the digits.

92
Q

What is the most commonly injured lower extremity nerve?

A

common fibular nerve

93
Q

What results from an injury to the common fibular nerve?

A

Paralysis of all anterior and lateral crural muscles.

94
Q

Loss of dorsiflexion and eversion causes “foot drop”. This is a result of injury to what nerve?

A

common fibular nerve

95
Q

What is the largest branch of the posterior tibial artery?

A

fibular artery

96
Q

Trauma to the crural fascia may cause what symptoms?

A

hemorrhage, edema and inflammation

97
Q

Shin splints are a result of repetitive microtrauma towhat muscle?

A

tibialis anterior

A. White- Human Anatomy (23 decks)

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