Sex Hormones and HRT Flashcards
What are the side effects of synthetic oestrogens?
Breast tenderness
Nausea + vomiting
Endometrial hyperplasia
What are the actions of synthetic progesterones?
Increased bone density
Mood changes
What are the side effects of synthetic progesterones?
Weight gain
Nausea vomiting
Acne
What are the routes of administration for synthetic sex hormones?
Oral Transdermal Implants Nasal Vaginal
How are synthetic sex steroids transported in the body?
Bound to sex hormone binding globulin
Metabolised in the liver
Excreted in urine as glucoronides or sulphates
What are the different types of hormonal contraception?
Combined oral contraceptive pill
Progesterone only pill
Emergency contraception
What are the actions of the Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill?
Oestrogen and progesterone
Suppresses ovulation by inhibiting FSH and LH
Affects cervical mucus
Affects endometrium
What are side effects of the combined oral contraceptive pill?
Venous thromboembolism
MI
Hypertension
Decreased glucose tolerance
What are the effects of the Progesterone Only Pill?
Affects cervical mucus
Affects endometrium
What are side effects of the Progesterone Only Pill?
Poor cycle control
Why is HRT needed?
Ovary activity decreases, so does oestrogen level
Get Vasomotor symptoms
What are the actions of synthetic oestrogens?
Sodium and water retention
Decreased bone reabsorption
Increased blood coagulability
What must you look for with Oestrogen only HRT
Shouldn’t give if woman has had hysterectomy because it will lead to endometrial hyperplasia and cancer
Why is combined HRT better than oestrogen only?
Oestrogen is interrupted with progesterone
So you still get periods
So endometrial hyperplasia is interrupted every month
What are the risks of HRT?
Endometrial hyperplasia to ovarian cancer
Increased breast cancer
Uterine bleeding
