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Pharmacology > Anti-epileptics > Flashcards

Anti-epileptics Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of VGSC blockers?

A

Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Lamotrigine

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2
Q

What are the ADRs of Carbamezepine?

A

CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia etc.
GI
Changes in BP
Severe bone marrow depletion

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3
Q

What are the DDIs of Carbamezepine?

A 
Phenytoin 
Warfarin 
Systemic corticosteroids 
Oral contraceptives 
All decrease activity
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4
Q

What are ADRs of phenytoin?

A

Dizziness, ataxia, headache nystagmus
Gingival hyperplasia
Rashes

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5
Q

What types of epilepsy do Carbamezepine and phenytoin treat?

A

Generalised tonic-clonic
Partial
NOT absence seizures

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6
Q

What do women of child-bearing age need to be aware of when being prescribed with Carbamezepine and phenytoin?

A

Failure rate of contraception increases with them

Teratogenicity

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7
Q

What are the dangers to the foetus during pregnancy and taking anti-epileptics?

A

Congenital malformation
Valproate causes neural tube defects
Facial and digit hypoplasia
Learning difficulties

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8
Q

What can decrease the risk of neural tube defects in epileptic pregnant women?

A

Folate supplements

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9
Q

If it cannot be avoided, what anti-epileptic can be used in pregnancy?

A

Lamotrigine

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10
Q

What can be used to treat absence seizures?

A

Lamotrigine

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11
Q

How does enhanced GABA mediated inhibition work?

A

Enhances GABA production
GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter
Decreases likelihood of epileptic neuronal hyperactivity

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12
Q

What are examples of GABA enhancers?

A

Valproate

Benzodiazepines

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13
Q

How does Valproate work?

A

Inhibits GABA inactivation enzymes

Stimulates GABA synthesising enzymes

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14
Q

What are ADRs of Valproate?

A

CNS: sedation, ataxia, tremor, weight gain
Increased transaminases
Rarely, hepatic failure

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15
Q

What are DDIs of Valproate?

A

Antidepressants, antipsychotics and aspirin decrease activity

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16
Q

What can you treat Valproate with?

A

Partial and Generalized seizures

17
Q

What are the ADRs of Benzodiazepines?

A 
Sedation
Tolerance 
Confusion
Aggression
Resp and CNS depression
18
Q

When can benzodiazepines be used?

A

Lorazepam/diazepam: status epilepticus

Clonazepam: absence seizures

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of voltage gated sodium channel blockers?

A

Binds to sodium channels during depolarization
Prolongs inactivation state
This brings the firing rate back to normal

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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