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Pharmacology > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Facilitates diffusion of glucose into cells (adipose tissue and striated muscle)
Increases hepatic glycogen
Decreases breakdown of fats

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2
Q

What tissue can Glucose move into freely without Insulin?

A

Brain
Liver
Pancreatic Beta Cells

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3
Q

What is the first step of action in type 2 diabetes?

A

Diet

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4
Q

What is an example of a Biguanide?

A

Metformin

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5
Q

What do Biguanides do?

A

Increases insulin receptor sensitivity, decreasing resistance
Decreases gluconeogenesis
Increase glucose uptake in muscle and adipose

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6
Q

What are ADRs of Biguanides?

A

GI

Lactic acidosis

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7
Q

What do Sulphonylureas (eg. Glicazides) do?

A

Stimulate beta cells

Caused by an influx of calcium

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8
Q

What are the ADRs of Sulphonylureas?

A

Hypoglycaemia

Weight gain

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9
Q

What do Meglitinides do?

A

Similar to Sulphonylureas but smaller half life so quicker onset

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10
Q

What do Thiazelidinediones do?

A

Increase nuclear peroxisome proliferator
Increase insulin sensitivity
Decrease gluconeogenesis

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11
Q

What are the ADRs of Thiazolidinediones?

A

Weight gain

Bladder cancer

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12
Q

What do Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4-Inhibitors (sitagliptin) do?

A

Increase Incretin

Incretin stimulates Insulin release

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13
Q

What do Alpha Glucosidase inhibitors do?

A

Decrease alpha Glucosidase

Stops carbohydrates from converting to glucose

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14
Q

What are the ADRs of alpha Glucosidase inhibitors

A

Flatulence

Diarrheoa

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15
Q

What do SGLT2 inhibitors do

A

Decrease glucose reabsorption in PCT

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16
Q

What are the ADRs of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

Thrush

UTIs

17
Q

How can you treat Obesity?

A

Gastric Lipase inhibitors

Bariatric surgery

18
Q

How can you produce exogenous insulin to give to Diabetics?

A

Recombinant DNA technology (using bacteria)

19
Q

What are the different types of exogenous insulin?

A

Short acting
Rapid acting
Intermediate acting
Long and very long acting

20
Q

What are the ADRs of Exogenous Insulin?

A

Hypo/Hyperglycaemia
Painful injections
Insulin allergies

21
Q

Where is Insulin released from?

A

Pancreatic Beta Cells

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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