History Chapter 24 Vocab

Question 0

totalitarian

Answer 0

characteristic of a political system in which the government exercises complete control over its citizens’ lives

Question 1

Joseph Stalin

Answer 1

Took over the Soviet Union following the death of Lenin in 1924, replaced private property with collectives (government owned farms), estimated to be responsible for the deaths of 8-13 million people and established a totalitarian government in 1939

Question 2

Benito Mussolini

Answer 2

Established a totalitarian state in Italy which was plagued by unemployment and inflation, which caused the middle-upper classes to demand a more forceful leader; played on the fears of economic collapse and communism

Question 3

fascism

Answer 3

political philosophy that advocates a strong, centralized, nationalistic government headed by a power dictator

Question 4

Adolf Hitler

Answer 4

Followed a path to power similar to Mussolini, joined the struggling National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi Party) which actually had no ties to socialism; was a good public speaker and in his book Mein Kampf he set forth the basic beliefs of what would become the Nazi party; wanted to enforce racial purification and join together all of the German-speakers in the German empire

Question 5

Nazism

Answer 5

political philosophy based on extreme natiolsm, racism, and militaristic expansionism that Hitler put into practice in Germany from 1933 to 1945; German brand of fascism

Question 6

Francisco Franco

Answer 6

led a group of Spanish army officers in a rebellion against the Spanish Republic; caused the formation of the Abraham Lincoln Battalion to fight against him, sparked a civil war in Spain and in 1939 became the fascist dictator of Spain

Question 7

Neutrality Laws

Answer 7

series of laws enacted in 1935 and 1936 to prevent US arms sales and loans to nations at war

Question 8

Neville Chamberlain

Answer 8

British prime inister, one of the signers of the Munich agreement (which turned Sudetenland to Germany to try to create peace), was criticized by Churchill

Question 9

Winston Churchill

Answer 9

Rival of Chamberlain in Great Briitain, believed that sighing the Munich Agreement was adopting the shameful policy of appeasement and was dishonorable

Question 10

appeasement

Answer 10

granting of concessions to a hostile power in order to keep the peace

Question 11

nonaggression pact

Answer 11

an agreement in which two nations promise not to go to war with each other

Question 12

blitzkrieg

Answer 12

“lightning war”, a sudden massive attack with combined air and ground forces, intended to achieve quick victory

Question 13

Charles de Gaulle

Answer 13

A French general who fled to England following Italy’s invasion of France and the German occupancy of northern France, set up a government while there

Question 14

Holocaust

Answer 14

the systemic murder (genocide) of Jews and other groups in Europe by the Nazis before and during WWII

Question 15

Kristallnacht

Answer 15

“night of broken glass”, November 9 1938; gangs of Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues in Germany

Question 16

genocide

Answer 16

the deliberate and systematic extermination of a particular racial, national, or religious

Question 17

ghetto

Answer 17

a city neighborhood in which a certain minority group is pressured or forced to live

Question 18

concentration camp

Answer 18

Nazi-operated prison camp in which Jews and other groups that were considered enemies of Hitler were starved while doing slave labor or were murdered

Question 19

Axis Powers

Answer 19

the group of nations (Germany, Italy, and Japan) that opposed the Allies during WWII

Question 20

Lend-Lease Act

Answer 20

passed in 1941, allowed United States to ship arms and other supplies to nations fighting the Axis powers without immediate payment

Question 21

Atlantic Charter

Answer 21

1941 declaration of principles in which the United States and Great Britain set forth their goals in opposing the Axis powers

Question 22

Hideki Tojo

Answer 22

Chief of staff of the Kwantung Army in Japan, launched invasion in China and became prime minster of Japan; ordered the attack on Pearl Harbor