4.6-4.7 - Cell Cycle

Question 1

Interphase

Answer 1

• Growth & preparation
  G1: Cell growth
  S: Copies of DNA are made
  G2: Cytoplasmic components are doubled for division

Question 2

M-phase

Answer 2

Mitosis and cytokinesis occurs
- Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 3

What phase is G0?

Answer 3

Cell no longer divides but can reenter the cell cycle.
May exit the cell or be held at a certain stage.

Question 4

What is mitosis?

Answer 4

Transfers a complete genome from the parent cell to two identical daughter cells.
- Tissue repair, asexual reproduction
- Alternates with cell cycle

Question 5

Mitosis phases

Answer 5

Prophase - Visible chromosomes
Metaphase - Dissembled nucleus
Anaphase - Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase - New nuclei form on opposite sides

Question 6

G1 checkpoint

Answer 6

• End of G1 checkpoint
  Checks: cell size, nutrients, growth, & DNA damage

Question 7

G2 checkpoint

Answer 7

• End of G2 checkpoint
  Checks: DNA replication, DNA damage

Question 8

M-spindle checkpoint (mitosis)

Answer 8

Checks fiber attachment to chromosomes

Question 9

Cyclins are

Answer 9

Proteins associated with specific phases of the cell cycle.
- Different cyclins involves in different cycle phases

Question 10

Why are cyclins produced or degraded?

Answer 10

• To promote or degrade cell cycle progression

Question 11

What do cyclins activate?

Answer 11

Cyclin-dependent kinases
- Cyclins specific to CDK’s they activate

Question 12

What are CDK’s?

Answer 12

Group of enzymes involved in cell cycle regulation
- Requires cyclin binding for activation
- Phosphorylate substrates

Question 13

Disruptions to cell cycle result in

Answer 13

Cancer/apoptosis