Nucleic acid and proteins Flashcards
(27 cards)
DNA stands for
deoxyribosenucleic acid
DNA is
- found in nucleus of eukaryotes
- made of chains of nucleotides
DNA is structures with
- A phosphate group (makes nucleic acid acidic)
- A deoxyribose sugar
- A nitrogenous base
The nitrogenous bases in DNA
- Thymine and Adenine
- Cytosine and Guanine
Deoxyribose does not
Have a hydroxal (OH) group
Molecular structure of RNA
- Ribose instead of deoxyribose (OH added)
- Uracil instead of thymine
primary structure
order of amino acids
dictates secondary and tertiary structures
secondary structure
polypeptide chains repeatedly folded due to hydrogen bonds between polypeptides
oxygen atoms in a polypeptide backbone are
slightly negative
hydrogen atoms in a polypeptide backbone are
slightly positive
Tertiary structure
overall shape of polypeptide bonds, caused by R-groups
R groups
define amino acids and their function
R-groups can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic
True
Where are hydrophilic R-groups located?
On the outside of a structure
Where are hydrophobic R groups located?
On the inside of a structure
What shape does every protein have?
3 dimensional shape
Quaternary structure
proteins composed of more than one polypeptide chain
held together by disulfide or hydrogen bonds
all proteins are linked by
the same set of 20 amino acids
what is the general structure of an amino acid?
- amino group (NH2)
- central alpha carbon
- hydrogen
- unique R-group
- carboxyl group (COOH)
how do two amino acids bond together
through dehydration synthesis when their carboxyl groups are adjacent
amino end:
N-terminus
carboxyl end:
c-terminus
what do genes determine?
the order and number of amino acids
What are the four R-group interactions?
Disulfide bridges
Van Der Waals Interactions
Ionic bonds
Hydrogen bonds
