Intro to biological molecules

Question 1

Ionic bond

Answer 1

Transferring of electrons between 2 oppositely charged atoms.

Question 2

Covalent bonds

Answer 2

Sharing of electrons

Question 3

Cation

Answer 3

Positive ions by losing electrons

Question 4

Anions

Answer 4

Negative iosn by electron gain

Question 5

Unpolar covalent bond

Answer 5

Between 2 atoms of the same element or different elements .

Question 6

Polymers

Answer 6

Long chains of repeating molecular subunits called monomers.
- Carbs, nucleic acids, and proteins are long polymers
- Lipids are not polymers

Question 7

Macromolecules

Answer 7

Large, complex molecules
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Nucleic acids
4. Proteins

Question 8

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 8

Process in which 2 monomers form a bond to make 1 polymer by releasing a water molecule

Question 9

Hydrolysis

Answer 9

The breaking of a polymer into 2 monomers by gaining a water molecule
- One monomer gets a H+ and the other one gets -OH

Question 10

Enzymes

Answer 10

Speed up chemical reactions that make/break polymers.

Question 11

Carbohydrates - CHO

Answer 11

Made of monosaccharides and form starch, cellulose, and glycogen.

Question 12

Monosaccharides

Answer 12

Carbs made up of one type of sugar

Question 13

Disaccharides

Answer 13

Carbs made up of 2 monosaccharides through a covalent bond

Question 14

Polysaccharides

Answer 14

Complex carbs made of chains of monosaccharides.

Question 15

All monosaccharides are

Answer 15

multiples of CH2O

Question 16

Carbohydrate compostion

Answer 16

Carbonyl group (C=O) and multiple hydroxyl groups (OH)

Question 17

How are carbohydrates classified?

Answer 17

• Location of carbonyl group
• Length of carbon skeleton
• Arrangement around asymmetric carbons

Question 18

Cellular respiration

Answer 18

When glucose is broken down by cells to extract energy

Question 19

Glycosidic linkage

Answer 19

Linkage that holds disaccharides
Covalent bond formed through dehydration reaction

Question 20

Starch

Answer 20

Polymer of glucose monomers
Stored by plants

Question 21

Amylose

Answer 21

Simplest form of starch

Question 22

Amylopcetin

Answer 22

Complex starch with 1-6 linkages

Question 23

Glycogen

Answer 23

Polysaccharide stored by animals

Question 24

Cellulose

Answer 24

Polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls

Question 25

What’s the difference between starch and cellulose?

Answer 25

Starch is an a linkage and cellulose is a b linkage

Question 26

a linkages cannot hydrolyze b linkages

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Name a and b linkages

Answer 27

a linkages: starch, amylopectin, glycogen
b linkages: chitin, cellulose