Packet 4 - immunity & inflammation

Question 1

Found on cell membrane of B lymphocytes.

a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgD
e. ) IgE

Answer 1

d.) IgD

Question 2

What are the two primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 2

Bone marrow & thymus

Question 3

Adaptive immunity (specific/acquired)

Upon subsequent exposure to an antigen → stimulates production of plasma cells.

a. ) CD4+ or Helper T cells (T_H)
b. ) CD8+ or Cytotoxic T cells (T_C or CTLs)
c. ) Suppressor T cells (Regulatory T cells)
d. ) Memory cells
e. ) plasma cells

Answer 3

d.) Memory cells

Question 4

innate immunity (natural/native/nonspecific)

Cause lysis of many different kinds of cells (both body cells and pathogens).

a. ) phagocytic WBCs
b. ) natural killer (NK) cells
c. ) skin and mucous membranes
d. ) cytokines
e. ) complement system

Answer 4

e.) complement system

Question 5

innate immunity (natural/native/nonspecific)

Induces fever by acting on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to increase the set point (makes WBCs more active).

a. ) phagocytic WBCs
b. ) natural killer (NK) cells
c. ) skin and mucous membranes
d. ) cytokines
e. ) complement system

Answer 5

d.) cytokines

Question 6

Presence usually suggests a current infection by the pathogen.

a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgD
e. ) IgE

Answer 6

c.) IgM

Question 7

innate immunity (natural/native/nonspecific)

Consists of a “cascade” of about 20 plasma proteins that, when activated, enhances inflammation and WBC efficiency.

a. ) phagocytic WBCs
b. ) natural killer (NK) cells
c. ) skin and mucous membranes
d. ) cytokines
e. ) complement system

Answer 7

e.) complement system

Question 8

Adaptive immunity (specific/acquired)

Kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells by similar mechanisms to NK cells, except for the fact that they need to be activated and look for specific cells to attack.

a. ) CD4+ or Helper T cells (T_H)
b. ) CD8+ or Cytotoxic T cells (T_C or CTLs)
c. ) Suppressor T cells (Regulatory T cells)
d. ) Memory cells
e. ) plasma cells

Answer 8

b.) CD8+ or Cytotoxic T cells (T_C or CTLs)

Question 9

Adaptive immunity (specific/acquired)

Secrete antibodies/immunoglobulins which bind to and aggregate antigens to aid in their removal by phagocytes.

a. ) CD4+ or Helper T cells (T_H)
b. ) CD8+ or Cytotoxic T cells (T_C or CTLs)
c. ) Suppressor T cells (Regulatory T cells)
d. ) Memory cells
e. ) plasma cells

Answer 9

e.) plasma cells

Question 10

innate immunity (natural/native/nonspecific)

Assist in processing antigens, serving as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to T lymphocytes → activates adaptive immune response.

a. ) phagocytic WBCs
b. ) natural killer (NK) cells
c. ) skin and mucous membranes
d. ) cytokines
e. ) complement system

Answer 10

a.) phagocytic WBCs

Question 11

Adaptive immunity (specific/acquired)

Suppresses activity of self-reactive immune cells, preventing immune activity against self-cells.

a. ) CD4+ or Helper T cells (T_H)
b. ) CD8+ or Cytotoxic T cells (T_C or CTLs)
c. ) Suppressor T cells (Regulatory T cells)
d. ) Memory cells
e. ) plasma cells

Answer 11

c.) Suppressor T cells (Regulatory T cells)

Question 12

Main Ig in body secretions. Protects mucous membranes (tears, saliva, GI secretions, breast milk).

a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgD
e. ) IgE

Answer 12

b.) IgA

Question 13

innate immunity (natural/native/nonspecific)

Small, hormone-like proteins that act primarily on immune cells, function to regulate immune response (ex: interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, colony-stimulating factors).

a. ) phagocytic WBCs
b. ) natural killer (NK) cells
c. ) skin and mucous membranes
d. ) cytokines
e. ) complement system

Answer 13

d.) cytokines

Question 14

Found on cell membrane of B lymphocytes. When it binds with an antigen, it stimulates B cells to produce other specific Ig.

a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgD
e. ) IgE

Answer 14

d.) IgD

Question 15

Adaptive immunity (specific/acquired)

Regulate and enhance the response of other T and B cells. Activated by recognition of antigens presented by APCs → secrete cytokines that activate many other cells of immune system (master switch).

a. ) CD4+ or Helper T cells (T_H)
b. ) CD8+ or Cytotoxic T cells (T_C or CTLs)
c. ) Suppressor T cells (Regulatory T cells)
d. ) Memory cells
e. ) plasma cells

Answer 15

a.) CD4+ or Helper T cells (T_H)

Question 16

Involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.

a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgD
e. ) IgE

Answer 16

e.) IgE

Question 17

innate immunity (natural/native/nonspecific)

Enhances chemotaxis.

a. ) phagocytic WBCs
b. ) natural killer (NK) cells
c. ) skin and mucous membranes
d. ) cytokines
e. ) complement system

Answer 17

e.) complement system

Question 18

innate immunity (natural/native/nonspecific)

Regulates the inflammatory response.

a. ) phagocytic WBCs
b. ) natural killer (NK) cells
c. ) skin and mucous membranes
d. ) cytokines
e. ) complement system

Answer 18

d.) cytokines

Question 19

innate immunity (natural/native/nonspecific)

Can trigger degranulation of mast cells, causing the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators.

a. ) phagocytic WBCs
b. ) natural killer (NK) cells
c. ) skin and mucous membranes
d. ) cytokines
e. ) complement system

Answer 19

e.) complement system

Question 20

Adaptive immunity (specific/acquired)

Stops the immune response once foreign/harmful agent is destroyed.

a. ) CD4+ or Helper T cells (T_H)
b. ) CD8+ or Cytotoxic T cells (T_C or CTLs)
c. ) Suppressor T cells (Regulatory T cells)
d. ) Memory cells
e. ) plasma cells

Answer 20

c.) Suppressor T cells (Regulatory T cells)

Question 21

innate immunity (natural/native/nonspecific)

Causes opsonization (the coating of antigen-antibody complexes so they can be engulfed and cleared more efficiently by phagocytes.

a. ) phagocytic WBCs
b. ) natural killer (NK) cells
c. ) skin and mucous membranes
d. ) cytokines
e. ) complement system

Answer 21

e.) complement system

Question 22

innate immunity (natural/native/nonspecific)

These cells activate the adaptive immune response.

a. ) phagocytic WBCs
b. ) natural killer (NK) cells
c. ) skin and mucous membranes
d. ) cytokines
e. ) complement system

Answer 22

a.) phagocytic WBCs

Question 23

The first to appear in response to an antigen. Its presence usually suggests a current infection by the pathogen. Does not stay elevated for long.

a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgD
e. ) IgE

Answer 23

c.) IgM

Question 24

innate immunity (natural/native/nonspecific)

Neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages.

a. ) phagocytic WBCs
b. ) natural killer (NK) cells
c. ) skin and mucous membranes
d. ) cytokines
e. ) complement system

Answer 24

a.) phagocytic WBCs

Question 25

Adaptive immunity (specific/acquired)

Believed to be subset of CD4+ or CD8+ T cell.

a. ) CD4+ or Helper T cells (T_H)
b. ) CD8+ or Cytotoxic T cells (T_C or CTLs)
c. ) Suppressor T cells (Regulatory T cells)
d. ) Memory cells
e. ) plasma cells

Answer 25

c.) Suppressor T cells (Regulatory T cells)

Question 26

innate immunity (natural/native/nonspecific)

Influences production, maturation, and activity of almost all inflammatory and immune cells.

a. ) phagocytic WBCs
b. ) natural killer (NK) cells
c. ) skin and mucous membranes
d. ) cytokines
e. ) complement system

Answer 26

d.) cytokines

Question 27

innate immunity (natural/native/nonspecific)

Programmed to automatically kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells, by releasing toxic substances, such as cytolytic enzymes, toxic cytokines, etc.

a. ) phagocytic WBCs
b. ) natural killer (NK) cells
c. ) skin and mucous membranes
d. ) cytokines
e. ) complement system

Answer 27

b.) natural killer (NK) cells

Question 28

Crosses the placenta. Provides protection for newborns for first few months (stays active in the blood for a long time).

a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgD
e. ) IgE

Answer 28

a.) IgG

Question 29

Adaptive immunity (specific/acquired)

Remain in the body for a long time, enable more rapid response on repeat exposure (recognizes the antigen and stimulates T cell activity).

a. ) CD4+ or Helper T cells (T_H)
b. ) CD8+ or Cytotoxic T cells (T_C or CTLs)
c. ) Suppressor T cells (Regulatory T cells)
d. ) Memory cells
e. ) plasma cells

Answer 29

d.) Memory cells