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BMTCP > IN2 Specimen Collection > Flashcards

IN2 Specimen Collection Flashcards

1
Q

What term describes tiny tube shaped particles made up of white blood cells, red blood cells, or kidney cells found in the urine?

A

Casts * Presence is always an abnormal finding and indicates renal alterations

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2
Q

What term measures microscopic amounts of blood in feces?

A

Fecal Occult Blood Testing (FOBT) also known as a guaiac or hemoccult

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3
Q

What term describes the study of blood and its components?

A

Hematology

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4
Q

What term describes the passage of blood in the feces?

A

Hematochezia

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5
Q

What is found in the urine when the body does not get enough sugar or carbohydrates and begins to breakdown fats and fatty acids to use as fuel?

A

Ketones

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6
Q

What term describes dark, tarry stool due to upper GI bleed?

A

melena

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7
Q

the presence of what substance in the urine indicates UTI?

A

Nitrite

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8
Q

What term means not present in macrospic amounts?

A

Occult

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9
Q

What term means relating to, involving, or located in the region of the kidneys?

A

Renal

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10
Q

What term describes the weight or degree of concentration of a substance compared with an equal volume of H2O?

A

Specific Gravity

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11
Q

What term describes an inflammatory sore throat caused by streptococcal bacteria marked by fever, fatigue and toxemia?

A

Strep throat

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12
Q

What region of the anatomy is marked from the esophagus to the duodenum?

A

Upper GI

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13
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

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14
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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15
Q

ur/o

A

urine

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16
Q

uria

A

presence of substance in urine

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17
Q

R&M

A

routine and microscpic

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18
Q

C&S

A

Culture and Sensitivity

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19
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

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20
Q

What are some characteristics of normal urine?

A

Clear-transparent, pale yellow to amber, faint odor, does not contain bacteria

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21
Q

What color can urine with gross blood appear?

A

red/reddish brown

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22
Q

What does dark red blood in urine indicate?

A

bleeding in the kidneys or ureters

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23
Q

What does bright red blood in the urine indicate?

A

bleeding form the bladder or urethra

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24
Q

What can turn urine blue?

A

methylene blue

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25
Q

What can turn urine orange?

A

pyridium

26
Q

what might a sweet or fruity odor to the urine indicate?

A

Acetone or acetonaceitc acid as seen in diabetes or starvation

27
Q

What should you do when noticing any abnormal urine in a patient?

A

Report to nurse and record on SF 510

28
Q

What are the various ways urine is collected?

A

Random, clean catch, sterile and timed

29
Q

What should you document after obtaining a urine specimen?

A

Description of urine, type of test, Disposition of specimen

30
Q

What is clean-catch urine used for?

A

collection of C&S

31
Q

What is the lab request form?

A

SF553

32
Q

How would you instruct the female patient to cleanse genitalia for clean catch urine collection?

A

Separate labia with thumb and forefinger on non-dominant hand to expose meatus, using a front to back stroke wipe the left than right side followed by the center using a fresh swab each time prevent contamination of genital area with fecal matter

33
Q

How would you instruct the male patient to cleanse the genitalia for the clean catch urine collection?

A

Retract foreskin, hold penis with one hand and using a circular motion, cleanse the end of the penis from urethral opening working outward

34
Q

How much urine should be collected when obtaining a C&S specimen?

A

30-60ml, minimum of 15ml

35
Q

When collecting a 24 hour urine do you keep the first morning void?

A

no it is to be discarded

36
Q

What are the component of a UA?

A

Specific gravity, glucose, acetone/ketones, nitrite, blood and protein

37
Q

What is the most reliable way to collect urine for UA?

A

void, discard the collect sample 30-45 minutes later, more accurate measure of kidney’s recent filtration ability

38
Q

What is the normal range for SP?

A

1.005-1.030

39
Q

What SP value indicates concentrated urine?

A

1.025 *may indicate dehyrdation or reduced renal flow

40
Q

What SP value indicates diluted urine?

A

less than 1.005 *may indicate glomerulonephritis, or over hydration

41
Q

what is the normal glucose value on a UA?

A

Negative

42
Q

What is the normal actone/ketone value of a UA?

A

Negative

43
Q

What is the normal nitrite value of a UA?

A

Negative

44
Q

What is the normal blood values on a UA?

A

Negative

45
Q

What are some causes of proteinuria?

A

Renal disorders and preeclampsia

46
Q

What percentage of normal stool is made of water?

A

70%

47
Q

What is the normal characteristics of stool?

A

Brown color, formed/semi-solid mass consistency,

48
Q

What may white or clay colored stool indicate?

A

absence of bile - gallbladder or liver disease

49
Q

What may dark tarry stool indicate?

A

Upper GI bleed form Peptic ulcer

50
Q

What might bright red blood in stool indicate?

A

hemorrhoids or diverticulitis

51
Q

What may pale with fat stools indicate?

A

malabsorbtion of fat

52
Q

What may translucent mucus in stool indicate?

A

spastic constipation, colitis, excessive straining

53
Q

What may blood mucus in stool indicate?

A

inflammation and infection

54
Q

How much stool is needed for a specimen?

A

1 inch of formed stool or 15-30 ml of diarrhea

55
Q

When documenting stool specimen collection what should you include on the nursing note?

A

color, characteristic and amount of stool, test requested, disposition of specimen

56
Q

How long should you wait before applying developer onto a hemoccult slide?

A

3-5 minutes

57
Q

How many drops of developer are applied to the hemoccult slide?

A

2 on each smear and 1 drop on the center

58
Q

Waht indicates a positive hemoccult?

A

bluish ring surrounding specimen

59
Q

When obtaining a throat culture how should go about swabbing the throat?

A

gently but quickly swab tonsillar area side to side making contact with inflamed or purulent sites, carefully withdraw without touching oral structures

60
Q

When collecting a sputum culture, how much should you have the patient cough up?

A

keep coughing until 2-10 ml of sputum has been collected

61
Q

In what type of urine study can you collect a virtually uncontaminated specimen for C&S?

A

Clean Catch/Midstream

BMTCP (30 decks)

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