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BMTCP > IN2 IV > Flashcards

IN2 IV Flashcards

1
Q

What term describes a place where whole blood or blood plasma is drawn, typed, processed, and stored under refrigeration for future use?

A

Blood bank

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2
Q

What term describes the transfer of human blood or its components from a donor to a recipient?

A

Blood Transfusion

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3
Q

What term describes the classification of human blood cells to determine compatibility?

A

Blood typing

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4
Q

What term describes when fluid output exceeds fluid intake causing a decrease in the amount of fluid in body tissues?

A

Dehydration

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5
Q

What is a form of glucose found in human blood?

A

dextrose

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6
Q

What term describes when fluid intake exceeds fluid output, causing body tissues to swell with fluid?

A

Edema

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7
Q

What is a substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electrical charge when in solution?

A

Electrolyte

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8
Q

What term means via the veins?

A

Intravenous

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9
Q

What term describes a fine mesh filter in the drip chamber of an intravenous set used for blood transfusions.

A

Microfilter: Prevents blood clots from entering the circulatory system

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10
Q

What term describes a blood product with an extremely high proportion of red blood cells?

A

Packed red blood cells

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11
Q

What term describes the fluid part of blood?

A

Plasma

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12
Q

What is any part of the minute, disc-like, colorless element of the blood that are essential for normal clotting?

A

platelets

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13
Q

What term means producing or produced by heat or fever?

A

pyrogenic

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14
Q

What term means to transfer or to introduce blood, blood plasma into a vein?

A

Transfuse

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15
Q

What term describes blood for transfusion form which none of the elements have been removed?

A

whole blood

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16
Q

What is a component of an intravenous set used for blood transfusions?

A

Y-tubing

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17
Q

D5W

A

5% Dextrose in water

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18
Q

IV

A

Intravenous

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19
Q

LR

A

Lactated Ringer’s

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20
Q

NS

A

Normal Saline

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21
Q

NaCL

A

Sodium Chloride, Normal Saline

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22
Q

What term means to give a specified amount rapidly or all at once?

A

bolus

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23
Q

What term describes the rate the solution will be infused; unit of measure is gtts/min?

A

Drip rate

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24
Q

What term describes the manufacturer’s certified flow rate of the tubing so that a certain number of drops equals 1mL?

A

Drop Factor

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25
Q

What term describes the rate the solution will be infused?

A

Flow rate; unit of measure is mL/hr or gtts/min

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26
Q

What term means being open and unobstructed?

A

Patent

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27
Q

What term descries hard veins?

A

Sclerotic

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28
Q

What is a puncture resistant container used to dispose of contaminated needles and other sharp medical objects?

A

Sharps container

29
Q

What term describes a clot of blood?

A

thrombus

30
Q

gtts/min

A

drops per minute

31
Q

KVO

A

keep vein open

32
Q

mL/hr

A

Milliliters per hour

33
Q

What is the goal of IV fluid administration?

A

To correct or prevent fluid and electrolyte disturbances

34
Q

What are some examples of why IV fluids are given?

A

to maintain fluid and electrolytes, to effectively administer medications, to administer blood/plasma or other products, nutritional formulas

35
Q

What are some ways fluids can be lost?

A

Elimination, hemorrhage, Severe or prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, moderate or excessive drainage from wounds, profuse sweating

36
Q

How much fluid does the average adult need in a 24 hour period?

A

1500-2000 mL

37
Q

What is an advantage of administering fluids/meds via IV?

A

can supply patients with fluids/meds quickly

38
Q

What are some disadvantages of administering med/fluids via IV?

A

cannot retrieve if error is made

39
Q

All material introduced though IV must be _____ and free of _______ to avoid introducing bacteria?

A

Sterile, particles

40
Q

All patients who require an IV need to be placed on _____

A

I&Os

41
Q

What must the doctor specify when ordering IV fluids?

A

solution to be given, amount to be infused and the rate

42
Q

In what type of IV solution will cells maintain their normal size?

A

Isotonic

43
Q

What are some examples of why Isotonic solutions are used?

A

fluid replacement caused by hypovolemia (excessive vomiting, diarrhea, blood loss)

44
Q

What are examples of Isotonic solution?

A

Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl),
Lactated Ringers,
5% Dextrose in water

45
Q

What type of fluid shifts fluids out of blood vessels and into interstital space?

A

Hypotonic solutions

46
Q

What are examples of Hypotonic solutions?

A

.45% NaCl (one half normal saline)

.33% NaCl (one third normal saline)

47
Q

What type of fluid causes fluid to be pulled from the cells and the interstitial tissues into the vascular space?

A

Hypertonic

48
Q

What are hypertonic solutions used for?

A

to replace electrolytes and pull fluid from cells and surrounding tissue to the vascular compartment
*used to treat people with severe hyponatrermia and cause irritation to the vein

49
Q

What are examples of hypertonic solutions?

A

3 and 5% NaCl, 5% dextrose in 0.45% NaCl, 5% Dextrose in lactated ringer’s

50
Q

What is the most common complication with IV use?

A

Infiltration

51
Q

What occurs when fluid leaks out of the vein into the surrounding tissue?

A

Infiltration; Tip of catheter withdraws from or pokes through the vein.

52
Q

What are some sxs of infiltration?

A

edema around IV site, cool, painful swollen pale site with decreased IV flow rate

53
Q

What should you do if infiltration occurs?

A

d/c IV and initiate a new IV site in another extremity

54
Q

What can you do to reduce the discomfort of infiltration?

A

wrap extremity in a warm moist towel for 20 minutes

55
Q

What term describes irritation of the vessel by the needle, cannula, medication or additives in the IV solution?

A

Phelbitis

56
Q

What are signs of phlebitis?

A

Erythema, warmth, edema, pain, possible red streak along path of vein

57
Q

What can you doe to help relieve pain of phelbitis?

A

warm compress

58
Q

What are signs of a blood stream infection?

A

fever, chills, pain, headaches, nausea/vomiting, extreme fatigue

59
Q

What occurs when a piece of cannula breaks off and travels in the vein until it lodges?

A

Catherer embolus

60
Q

What occurs when air enters the vein?

A

air embolus

61
Q

What occurs when medications or fluids are given by bolus and administered too rapidly?

A

Speed shock

62
Q

What are s/s of speed shock?

A

flushed face, headache, HTN, increased pulse rate/irregular, chills and dyspnea, changes in LOC, possible cardiac arrest

63
Q

What are principles of blood transfusions?

A

Increase blood volume after surgery/trauma, increase RBC’s/hemoglobin in patient with anemia, Provide selected cellular components (clotting factors, platelets, albumin)

64
Q

What blood type is the universal donor?

A

type O

65
Q

What blood type is universal recipient?

A

type AB

66
Q

Who can begin blood transfusion?

A

only licensed personnel

67
Q

what are some timelines regarding blood administration?

A

must be started within 30 minutes, must be transfused within two but no more than four hours

68
Q

What is needed for blood transfusion?

A

blood administration Y tubing with microfilter, 0.9% NS, 18 gauge IV or larger

69
Q

Who often should you take vital sings on a person receiving a blood transfusion?

A

every 5 minutes for the first 15, after that according to local policy

BMTCP (30 decks)

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