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Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 3 > Atlanto-Axial Joint > Flashcards

Atlanto-Axial Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classifications of the atlanto-axial joint?

A
  • synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid)
  • synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
  • fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
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2
Q

Which atlanto-axial joint is identified as a synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid)?

A

the median atlanto-axial joint

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3
Q

Which atlanto-axial joint is identified as a synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)?

A

the lateral atlanto-axial joint

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4
Q

Which atlanto-axial joint is identified as a fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis?

A

any non-capsular lig. typically forms a joint with this classification

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5
Q

What are names given to the synovial joint spaces of the median atlanto-axial joint?

A
  • anterior bursa

- posterior bursa

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6
Q

What are the joint surfaces of the median atlanto-axial joint at the anterior bursa?

A
  • the fovea dentis of C1

- facet for fovea dentis of C2

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7
Q

What are the joint surfaces of the median atlanto-axial joint at the posterior bursa?

A
  • the groove for the transverse atlantal lig. of C2

- transverse atlantal lig.

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8
Q

Perpendicular ligamentous extensions from the transverse atlantal lig. will form what lig.?

A

the vertical crus lig.

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9
Q

What are the parts of the vertical crus lig.?

A
  • superior crus lig.

- inferior crus lig.

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10
Q

What are the attachment sites of the superior crus lig.?

A
  • upper margin of the transverse atlantal lig.

- anterior margin of the foramen magnum

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11
Q

What are the attachment sites of the inferior crus lig.?

A
  • lower margin of the transverse atlantal lig.

- posterior surface of the vertebral body of C2

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12
Q

What part of the vertical crus lig. may be absent?

A

inferior crus lig.

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13
Q

What lig. is formed by the transverse atlantal lig. and its perpendicular extension?

A

cruciate lig. or cruciform lig.

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14
Q

What are the attachment sites of the transverse atlantal lig.?

A

tubercles for the transverse atlantal lig. on the lateral mass of C1

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15
Q

Why is the transverse atlantal lig. not a typical lig.?

A
  • it does not attach 2 or more bones together

- it attaches parts of the same vertebra

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16
Q

What histological feature is present on the anterior surface of the transverse atlantal lig.?

A

fibrocartilage at the surface of the lig. articulating with C2

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17
Q

What is the function of the transverse atlantal lig.?

A

it is the primary stabilizer of the atlanto-axial joint restricting the distance of C2 from the anterior arch of C1

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18
Q

Where is Barkow’s lig./lig. of Barkow observed?

A

just above the anterior arch of C1 and in front of the dens near its tip

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19
Q

What are the attaching sites of Barkow’s lig.?

A

to the occipital condyles just in front of the alar attachment site

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20
Q

What is the function of Barkow’s lig.?

A

it may restrict extension (hyperextension or dorsi-flexion) of the atlanto-occipital joint

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21
Q

Where is the transverse occipital lig. observed?

A

posterior to the tip of the dens, between the superior crus of the cruciate lig. and the apicodental lig/lig of the dens

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22
Q

What are the attachment sites of the transverse occipital lig?

A

to the occipital condyles, above and behind the alar attachment site

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23
Q

What is the function of the transverse occipital lig.?

A

it may assist the alar ligs in limiting or stabilizing axial rotation and perhaps lateral bending and flexion of the craniovertebral junction

24
Q

Where is the lateral atlanto-occipital lig. observed?

A

just beyond the lateral margin of the rectus capitis lateralis muscle

25
Q

What are the attachment sites of the lateral atlanto-occipital lig?

A
  • transverse process of C1 near or on the posterior tubercle

- jugular process of the occipital bone

26
Q

What is the function of the lateral atlanto-occipital lig.?

A

it may play a role in limiting axial rotation of the atlanto-occipital joint

27
Q

What movements are facilitated at the median atlanto-axial joint?

A
  • flexion-extension
  • rotation
  • telescoping (superior-inferior gliding)
28
Q

What is the ADI?

A
  • the Atlanto-Dental Interspace

- a radiographic distance between the surfaces of the anterior bursa of the median atlanto-axial joint

29
Q

The ADI is observed between which surfaces?

A

the fovea dentis of C1 and the facet for the fovea dentis of C1

30
Q

What is the ADI of children compared with that of adults?

A
  • about 4.5 mm in children

- a range of 2-3 mm or about 2.5 mm in adults

31
Q

What forms the lateral atlanto-axial joint?

A
  • the inferior articular process and facet of C1

- the superior articular process and facet of C2

32
Q

What are the characteristics of the capsular lig of the lateral atlanto-axial joint?

A

it is lax or loose and demonstrates a meniscoidal fold within the joint cavity

33
Q

What are the accessory lig of the lateral atlanto-axial joint?

A
  • accessory atlanto-axial lig
  • anterior atlanto-axial lig
  • anterior longitudinal lig
  • posterior atlanto-axial lig
34
Q

Where is accessory atlanto-axial lig observed?

A

anterior to the membrana tectoria/tectorial membrane

35
Q

What are the attachment sites for the accessory atlanto-axial lig?

A
  • the base of the odontoid process and vertebral body of axis to the tubercle for the transverse atlantal lig on the lateral mass of C1
  • a superior continuation may attach on the occipital bone just behind that of the alar lig
36
Q

What is the function of the accessory atlanto-axial lig?

A

it may play a role similar to the alar lig in limiting axial rotation of the atlanto-occipital joint

37
Q

What are the attachment sites for the anterior atlanto-axial lig?

A
  • inferior margin of the anterior arch of C1

- front of the vertebral body of C2

38
Q

What lig attaches to the anterior arch and to the vertebral body of axis?

A

anterior atlanto-axial lig

39
Q

What is said to be present at the median aspect of the anterior atlanto-axial lig?

A

anterior longitudinal lig

40
Q

What are the attachment sites of the anterior longitudinal lig between C1 and C2?

A
  • anterior tubercle of the anterior arch of C1

- median aspect of the vertebral body and inferior epiphyseal rim of C2

41
Q

What is the function of the anterior atlanto-axial lig?

A

it resists extension

42
Q

What is the joint classification of the anterior atlanto-axial lig?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

43
Q

What are the attachment sites for the posterior atlanto-axial lig?

A
  • inferior margin of the posterior arch of C1

- superior margin of the lamina of C2

44
Q

What lig attaches to the posterior arch of C1 and to the lamina of C2?

A

posterior atlanto-axial lig

45
Q

What is the homolog of the posterior atlanto-axial lig?

A

ligamentum flavum

46
Q

What is the function of the posterior atlanto-axial lig?

A

resists flexion, axial rotation, and lateral bending

47
Q

What is the joint classification of the posterior atlanto-axial lig?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

48
Q

What lig forms the posterior boundary of the spinal canal at the C1/C2 vertebral couple?

A

posterior atlanto-axial lig

49
Q

What lig forms the medial, posterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen at C1/C2?

A

posterior atlanto-axial lig

50
Q

What movements are facilitated at the atlanto-axial joint?

A
  • flexion-extension
  • axial rotation
  • perhaps lateral bending
51
Q

What are the degrees of movement facilitated at the atlanto-axial joint?

A
  • about 20 degrees flexion-extension
  • 40 degrees one side axial rotation
  • 5 degrees of lateral bending
52
Q

What motion is coupled with flexion to permit more than 5 degrees of motion?

A

axial rotation

53
Q

The occiput-C1-C2 joint complex accounts for what percent of all cervical axial rotation?

A

about 60%

54
Q

Which side vertebral artery is compromised with axial rotation of 30 degrees?

A

the contralateral artery to the side of rotation

55
Q

Which side vertebral artery will begin to be compromised with more than 45 degrees of axial rotation?

A

the ipsilateral artery to the side of rotation

Spinal Anatomy I - Exam 3 (94 decks)

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