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SDR II > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

0
Q

gubernaculum testis

A

connective tissue extending from testis to what will become the scrotum

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1
Q

function of gubernaculum testis in the developing embryo

A

holds testis in place as the body grows.

7th month: hormones cause contraction of the gubernaculum, pulling the testes into scrotum

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2
Q

LH acts on ___

A

Leydig cells, testosterone production

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3
Q

FSH acts on ___

A

seminiferous tubules- Sertoli cells, germ cell maintenance

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4
Q

Inhibin

A

a testicular hormone that inhibits FSH secretion in the pituitary

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5
Q

what is the order of the three layers of the testes capsule?

A

visceral tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
tunica vasculosa

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6
Q

what is between each septum of the tunica albuginea?

A

seminiferous tubules

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7
Q

androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

caused by a defective androgen receptor

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8
Q

testosterone activities:

A
  1. maintain spermatogenesis
  2. maintain accessory glands of reproduction
  3. secondary sex characteristics
  4. libido
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9
Q

Leydig cells are histologically characterized by:

A

smooth ER
Lipid droplets
mitochondria with tubular cristae

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10
Q

tubulus rectus

A

connects the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis

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11
Q

the seminipherous epithelium is sometimes described as:

A

complex stratified

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12
Q

the adult stem cell is called:

A

spermatogonium

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13
Q

what are the “nurse” aka sustentacular cells of the seminiferous tubule?

A

Sertoli cells

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14
Q

what is the purpose of the blood-testis barrier?

A

prevent antibodies from recognizing and destroying germ cells

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15
Q

primary spermatocytes have a ___ complement of DNA

A

4n

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16
Q

secondary spermatocytes have a ___ complement of DNA

A

2n

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17
Q

the elongation and differentiation from a spermatid to a spermatozoa is called:

A

spermiogenesis

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18
Q

the entire progression from a spermatogonia to a spermatozoa is called:

A

spermatogenesis

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19
Q

the acrosome comes from ___

A

an acrosomal granule

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20
Q

the axoneme comes from ___

A

centrioles

21
Q

mitochondria congregate to form the ___

A

middle piece

22
Q

in the principal piece, the mitochondria are replaced with a ____

A

fibrous sheath

23
Q

in the end piece, the fibrous sheath is replaced with ____

A

nothing

24
Q

what facilitates the synchronous cycling of the seminiferous epithelium?

A

incomplete cytokinesis between germ cells

25
Q

in humans, the arrangement of stages is a ____ pattern

A

ribbon/helical

26
Q

the rete testis is lined by _____ with the occasional ___

A

simple cuboidal epithelium, flagellum

27
Q

the pampinoform plexus allows for:

A

countercurent blood flow to cool the testes

28
Q

the major function of the ductuli efferentes is:

A

fluid reabsorption, concentrating the sperm

29
Q

what are the two cells in the ductuli efferentes?

A

ciliated- moves sperm along

non-ciliated- fluid reabsorption

30
Q

the ductus epididymus is histologically characterized by:

A

psuedostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia (skinny microvilli)

31
Q

what are the main functions of the epididymis?

A

sperm maturation and storage

32
Q

the ductus (vas) deferens has how many layers of smooth muscle?

A

3- inner and outer longitudinal

middle circular

33
Q

the seminal vesicle secretes compounds that:

A

promote the viability of the sperm

34
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia generally arises from the zones _____

A

closest to the urethra

35
Q

prostate cancer generally arises from the zones ____

A

around the periphery of the prostate

36
Q

corpora amylacea

A

concretions which are a distinguishing feature of the prostate

37
Q

a histological distinguishing feature of Cowper’s glands is ____

A

skeletal muscle

38
Q

Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland

A

occur at the base of the penis and secrete a mucus that lines the penile urethra during sexual arousal. This protects sperm from any urine that might be left, and the urethra from any acrosomal enzymes

39
Q

what encapsulates the corpus cavernosum?

A

the tunica albuginea

40
Q

the corpus cavernosum of the urethra is also called the:

A

corpus spongiosum

41
Q

the male urethra is ____ in the prostate

A

transitional

42
Q

the male urethra is ____ in the membranous and penile part

A

pseudo stratified and/or stratified

43
Q

Hypospadias

A
  • Failure of UG folds to fuse completely on ventral surface of penis during formation of penile urethra.
  • Urine escapes from this opening in the newborn penis (under)
44
Q

In the male, the ____ become connected to the testis to form male genital duct system (e.g., ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct).

A

mesonephric duct and tubules

45
Q

Primordium of the uterine tubes, uterus, and upper vagina.

A

paramesonephric duct (mullerian)

46
Q

Fibrous remnant of the allantois extending from the top of the bladder to the umbilicus.

A

urachus

47
Q

Urorectal septum

A
  • natural cleft bw the allantois and hindgut tube.
  • extends inferiorly to divide cloaca into rectum and a UG sinus that becomes urinary bladder, urethra, vestibule, prostate, and related structures.
48
Q

Summary of female urogenital tract derivatives

A
  • Ureteric bud: ureter
  • Mesonephric ducts: trigone of bladder
  • Paramesonephric ducts: oviduct, uterus, upper 1/3 of vagina
  • Urogenital sinus: bladder (except trigone), bulbourethral gland, urethra, lower 2/3 of vagina
49
Q

Functions of Sertoli Cells in Male Sexual Differentiation

A
  1. Induce migration of mesenchymal cells (endothelial) from mesonephros into testis
  2. Give off signals that inhibit entry of male germ cells into meiosis
  3. Emit signals that induce differentiation of Leydig cells, which secrete testosterone
  4. Secrete müllerian inhibiting substance
  5. Secrete androgen-binding factor

SDR II (42 decks)

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