Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3/4 VET HEALTH > 4.Respiratory system > Flashcards

4.Respiratory system Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How does cilia work

A

hair like projections (cilia) lines the respiratory tract and traps then moves inhaled foreign particles up and out of the respiratory tract by exhalation as part of the mucocilliary escalator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of the respiratory system

A

provides gas exchange between the blood and external environment, for example oxygen is absorbed form the atmosphere (inhalation) and carbon dioxide is expelled from the body (exhalation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is the respiratory tract divided

A

split into the upper and lower respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List components of upper respiratory tract

A

nose(nostrils), nasal cavity, mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List components of lower respiratory tract

A

trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli and diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the structure of the nose

A

-large irregular cavity
-divided into two equal parts by septum
-is a mucous membrane
-contains sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of nose/nasal cavity

A

Main route of entry for air and hence warms, moistens, and filters air entering the respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the common name for pharynx

A

throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the structure of the pharynx

A

-12 to 14 cm tube
-consists of mucous membrane, submucosa and smooth muscle tissues
-3 parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of pharynx

A

-provide passageway for food, air
-warm, moistens and protects from infection
-assist with speech and is involved with hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Outline 3 parts of pharynx

A

nasopharynx -superior
oropharynx -middle
laryngeal pharynx -inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe location of pharynx in relation to larynx

A

Pharynx is posterior to larynx

*superior also but (only the nasopharynx and oropharnyx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Structure of larynx

A

VOICE BOX between the pharynx and trachea
-flexible
-thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of larynx

A

1.Respiratory: To allow air to pass through to the trachea whilst stopping food (bolus) and liquid from entering the respiratory tract

2.Speech: Houses the vocal cords, which manipulate pitch and volume essential for speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Pulmonary aspiration

A

A condition which food, liquids, saliva or vomit are breathed into the airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does the larynx prevent aspiration

A

1.Larynx lifts up to the level of the epiglottis
2.Epiglottis closes over the opening to the larynx
3.Food boluses pass into the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the vocal cords

A

2 layer of smooth muscle in the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do vocal cords work

A

They vibrate as air passes through them (exhalation) to produce sound
-length and tension of cords controls pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the location of larynx in relation to oesophagus

A

the larynx is anterior/ventral to the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pathway of air in respiratory system

A

nose (nostrils) or mouth , pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Structure of Trachea

A

The windpipe that travels to the 5th thoracic vertebra then divides into L/R bronchi
-comprises 3 layers of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Outline the three layers of trachea

A

Outermost-elastic and fibrous tissue which encloses cartilage
middle-cartilage with bands of smooth muscle
inner-columnar epithelium that is ciliated with mucous secreting cells present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Function of trachea

A

provide a pathway for air between larynx and bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Structure of bronchi

A

large airways that branch of trachea

RIGHT BRONCHUS is shorter and wider than left bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Function of bronchi
To provide a pathway for air between trachea and bronchioles
26
Structure of bronchioles
smaller branches of the bronchi that connect to alveoli -3 bronchioles (3 lobes) on right side -2 bronchioles (2 lobes) on left
27
Function of bronchioles
provides a pathway for air between bronchus and alveoli
28
Structure of alveoli
-tiny balloon shaped air sacs at end of respiratory tract -single cell thick and surrounded by capillary network
29
Function of alveoli
To exchange O2 and CO2 molecules to and from the blood stream as part of pulmonary diffusion
30
Why are alveoli single cell thick
increase efficiency of diffusion
31
Why are alveoli surrounded by an extensive capillary network
increase capacity of diffusion
32
what cavity and membrane are the lungs located
thoracic cavity and pleura (serous) membrane
33
what cavity and membrane is the heart located in
Mediastinum cavity and pericardial membrane
34
How many lobes on each lung
3 on R and 2 on L
35
Structure of lungs
cone shaped, have an apex, base, tip and coastal and medial surface
36
Function of lungs
provide gas exchange between blood and external environment
37
Structure of pleura
Thin layer that covers lungs Visceral and Parietal pleura membrane (PIC & VOO)
38
What is visceral pleura
covers the lungs and each fissure/lobe
39
What is parietal pleura
covers inner chest wall of thoracic surface of the diaphragm
40
Function of pleura
Provides lubrication, reduces friction during the movement of lungs in breathing
41
Aerobic cellular respiration equation
glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + 30-32 ATP
42
How is gas exchange efficiency increased
thin walls--> reduce diffusion pathway good blood supply--> maintains concentration gradient Large SA:V Moist surfaces--> gasses diffuse in solution
43
oxygen concentration in lungs during inspiration
high
44
CO2 concentration in lungs during inspiration
low
45
oxygen concentration in body tissues during inspiration
low
46
CO2 concentration in body tissues during inspiration
high
47
what gas moves into tissues (inspiration)
Oxygen
48
what gas moves into lugs (inspiration)
CO2
49
what direction do gases move
from high to low concentration (down a concentration gradient)
50
Features of inspiration in order
diaphragm contracts and flattens intercostal muscles contract ribcage moves up and out lungs expand air moves INTO lungs LOW intrathoracic pressure (increased thoracic volume)
51
Intrathoracic pressure is the same as
intrapulmonary pressure
52
Features of expiration in order
Diaphragm relaxes (dome like) intercostal muscles relax rib cage moves down and in lungs relax (tissue recoils) air pushed OUT of lungs HIGH intrathoracic pressure (decreased thoracic volume)
53
shape of diaphragm in inspiration
flattens
54
shape of diaphragm in expiration
dome like
55
what controls CO2 levels in body
chemoreceptors
56
How do chemoreceptors work
If increased CO2 levels, an increase in RR is triggered to blow off extra CO2 and vice versa
57
Describe COPD
a number of lung diseases that prevent proper breathing -limitation in airflow into and out of the body
58
Examples of COPD
emphysema chronic bronchitis chronic asthma
59
briefly describe chronic bronchitis
long term inflammation of airways and mucous hyper secretion
60
list 5 symptoms of COPD
SOB wheezing chest tightness chronic cough sputum production (increase) reduced exercise tolerance frequent respiratory infections
61
Whats sputum
saliva and mucous
62
Briefly describe emphysema
-air becomes trapped in air sacs and bronchioles making breathing difficult -decreased elasticity of lung tissue -mucous accumulation
63
list 4 risk factors of COPD
smoking air pollution chemical fumes dusts genetics co morbidities eg asthma
64
How to maintain a healthy respiratory system
stop smoking --> decreased damage to lung tissue (cancers) increased capacity for respiratory organs to function regular exercise--> increased capacity of lungs to take in air and increased removal of mucous Avoid areas of high pollution--> decreased risk of irritating lungs or aggravating other conditions Wash hands-less likely that pathogens enter respiratory tract Vitamin rich diet--> increased immunity to protect lungs Rest and sleep--> time for growth and repair or maintenance of lungs
65
Briefly describe asthma
-difficulty breathing due to spasm of the bronchial tubes or swelling of mucos membrane lining
66
List two symptoms of asthma
SOB and wheezing

3/4 VET HEALTH (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions