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3/4 VET HEALTH > 6.Reproductive system > Flashcards

6.Reproductive system Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Overall function of reproductive system

A

to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells) which fuse together to create offspring, ensuring the ongoing survival of species through procreation

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2
Q

Define puberty

A

process of physical changes through which a childs body matures into an adult capable of sexual reproduction

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3
Q

Describe primary sexual characteristics

A

physical traits present at birth, reproductive organs

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4
Q

Describe secondary sexual characteristics

A

sexual characteristics that develop during puberty

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5
Q

female primary sexual organs

A

vagina, ovaries and uterus

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6
Q

male primary sexual organs

A

penis and testes

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7
Q

name 3 female secondary sexual characteristics

A

mature breast, wider hips, pubic hair

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8
Q

male secondary sexual characteristics

A

enlarged Adams apple, pubic hair, more facial hair, libido, muscle mass

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9
Q

Identify 5 female reproductive system functions

A

-to form ova
-receptacle for spermatozoa
-environment suitable for conception and development of foetus
-childbirth
-produce milk to nourish child

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10
Q

What are the ovaries

A

-female gonads (2)

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11
Q

Describe structure of ovaries

A

2 layers
-medulla: centre of fibrous tissue, nerves and blood vessels
-cortex: surround medulla to provide framework to hold ovarian follicles in various stages of development

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12
Q

Function of ovaries

A

-produce /secrete oestrogen and progesterone
-develop and release an ovum during reproductive cycle

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13
Q

Define ovulation

A

release of mature ova from ovaries into fallopian tubes

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14
Q

function of oestrogen

A

-develop female secondary sexual characteristics
-onset of menstrual cycle
-stimulate lining of uterus (thickens) to prepare for reception of fertilised ovum

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15
Q

function of progesterone

A

-promotes final preparation of uterine wall to receive fertilised ovum
-inhibit uterine wall contractions (shedding of uterine wall lining)
-suppress further ovulation
-stimulate milk production

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16
Q

Identify order of hormone release in menstrual cycle

A

FSH
Oestrogen-ovaries
LH
Progesterone -ovaries

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17
Q

what is fertilisation

A

-fusion of sperm cell and ova to create a zygote in the FALLOPIAN TUBES

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18
Q

What is implantation

A

-fertilised egg cell (zygote) starts to divide
-dividing embryo pushed along fallopian tube by muscular contraction -peristalsis
-zygotę reaches uterus and embeds in the lining of uterus wall
-placenta forms

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19
Q

function of placenta

A

provides nourishment and waste removal

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21
Q

function of umbilical chord

A

joins foetus to placenta

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21
Q

function of amniotic sac

A

contains fluid which provides protection and cushioning

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22
Q

Identify external genitaia in females

A

mans pubis
major and minor labia
clitoris
perineum

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23
Q

Function of mans pubis

A

-protect pelvic bones
-enhance sexual arousal

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24
Q

Function of labias

A

-protective covering
-enhance sexual arousal

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25
function of clitoris
-large collection of nerve endings (highly sensitive) -erectile tissue involved in sexual arousal
26
Where is the perineum
area of skin between vagina and anus
27
function of perineum
-structural support for anus and urinary tract -provides barrier between genitalia and bacteria/pathogens
28
What is the vagina
muscular tube between cervix and vagina
29
structure of vagina
-outer layer of areolar tissue -middle layer of smooth muscle -inner layer of stratified squamous epithelium that create rugae (ridges)
30
Function of vagina
-provide passageway for menstrual flow out of body -expand during childbirth to allow foetus to move -receive penis for sperm exchange
31
What is the uterus
hollow smooth muscular organ
32
structure of uterus
Fundus, body and cervix 3 layers perimetrium (outer), myometrium and endometrium (inner)
33
Whats fundus (uterus)
dome shape above uterine tubules
34
Whats body (uterus)
main part
35
where is the Cervix
between uterus and vagina
36
Function of uterus
-provide nourishment and oxygen via placenta (pregnant) -to shed and allow cycle to begin again (normal)
37
What are fallopian tubes
uterine tubules or salpinges
38
Structure of fallopian tube
-extend from sides of uterus between fundus and body -trumpet shaped ends that penetrate walls of uterus close to the ovaries -lined with ciliated cells
39
Function of fallopian tubes
site of fertilisation receive oocyte from ovary facilitate transport of eggs from ovary to uterus
40
What are breast
accessory gland of female reproductive system
41
structure of breast
-glandular, fatty and fibrous connective tissues -anchored to chest wall -each breast has 20 lobes
42
Function of breast
Provide lactation after pregnancy -prolactin which stimulates milk production -oxytocin (stimulated by sucking) which allows for flow of breast milk
43
What is scrotum
pouch of skin
44
structure of scrotum
-comprised of fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle -2 compartments seperated by septum (testes and epididymis)
45
Function of scrotum
-hold testes outside body -maintains environment (temperature) optimal for production, maturation and storage of sperm
46
What are testes
male gonads (2)
47
Structure of testes
suspended in scrotum by spermatic cords
48
function of testes
produce sperm within seminiferous tubules and produce testosterone
49
What is the epididymis
tube that connects testicles to the vas deferens
50
structure of epididymis
-long coiled tube located on top of each testicle -has a head, body and tail
51
Function of epididymis
maturation and storage of sperm
52
what is the vas deferens
-tube connecting epididymis to urethra -excretory duct of testis
53
Structure of vas deferens
-fibromuscular tube -30 to 45 cm in length
54
Function of vas deferens
transport sperm away from testes /epididymis to the urethra/ ejaculatory duct
55
What are the seminal vesicles
-small pair of glands -accessory gland
56
Structure of seminal vesicles
-coiled folded tubule -below urinary bladder at end of vas deferens -3 layers
57
Outline 3 layers of vas deferens
-inner produces fluid -middle is smooth muscle -outer is connective tissue
58
function of seminal vesicles
-produce and store fluid that makes up 60% of semen -release fluid into ejaculatory duct
59
What is urethra
muscular tube
60
structure of urethra
-fibromuscular tube -18 to 20 cm long
61
Function of urethra
transport sperm and urine form vas deferens to outside of body (environment )
62
What is the penis
male organ of sexual intercourse
63
Strcture of penis
Root-attaches to wall of abdomen Body/shaft: -3 cylindrical layers of erectile tissue and smooth muscle -Rich vascular supply Glans/head -covered by foreskin if uncircumcised
64
Function of penis
-ejaculate sperm into female reproductive tract -secrete urine
65
What is the prostate gland
accessory gland of male reproductive system
66
location of prostate gland
-located between bladder and penis -anterior to rectum -urethra runs through centre of prostate
67
Function of prostate gland
secrete prostate fluid which nourishes and protects sperm
68
Function of sperm
travel through female vagina into cervix and fertilise and ovum
69
Function of testosterone
produced by testes -trigger sperm production -muscle and bone growth leading to increased height and weight -hair growth -pubic, facial, chest , -enlargement of male genitalia eg penis, scrotum and prostate gland -deepening of voice
70
order of sperm through reproductive system
testes, epididymis, vas deferens and urethra
71
when are progesterone levels low
if a zygote does not implant/no fertilisation into the uterine lining then there are decreased progesterone levels
72
Follicle stimulating hormone function
controls production of eggs and sperm
73
Luteinizing hormone function
controls oestrogen and testosterone production as well as ovulation
74

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