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3/4 VET HEALTH > 5.Endocrine System > Flashcards

5.Endocrine System Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Describe the endocrine system

A

-network of glands and organs located throughout the body
-glands secrete hormones directly into the circulation of the blood stream

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2
Q

Function of endocrine system

A

-regulates a range of bodily functions through the release of chemical messengers; hormones
-receives and sends messages (chemical) to other parts of the body

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3
Q

What are glands

A

-organs that secrete substances (often hormones)

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4
Q

What is the endocrine gland

A

-ductless gland that secrets hormones directly into the bloodstream

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5
Q

What is the structure of hormones

A

chemical substances secreted directly into bloodstream by a gland of the endocrine system which acts on target cells of the body

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6
Q

Function of hormones

A

-affect the activity of target cells
-acts as chemical messengers, controlling and coordinating activities throughout the body

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7
Q

Contrast the endocrine and nervous system

A

-glands VS nerve cells
-chemical communication VS electrical and chemical communication
-slower transfer VS faster transfer
-Longer duration of effects VS shorter

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8
Q

Main role of hypothalamus is endocrine system

A

Maintains homeostasis by stimulating other glands to secrete hormones

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9
Q

Identify hormones released by hypothalamus

A

-corticotropin-releasing hormone
-growth hormone-releasing hormone

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10
Q

Function of Corticotropin-releasing hormone

A

stimulates the adrenal gland to release corticosteroids that play a role in metabolism and immune repose

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11
Q

Function of growth hormone-releasing hormone

A

stimulates pituitary gland to secrete human growth hormone

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12
Q

location of pituitary gland

A

lies below the hypothalamus (more anterior)

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13
Q

Main function of the pituitary gland

A

regulates growth and reproduction

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14
Q

identify hormones released by pituitary gland

A

Human growth hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
Luteinising hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Prolactin
oxytocin
thyroid stimulating hormone

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15
Q

Human growth hormone function

A

regulates growth and physical development

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16
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone function

A

stimulates adrenal glands to secrete steroid hormones i.e cortisol

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17
Q

Luteinising hormone function

A

controls oestrogen and testosterone production as well as ovulation

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18
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone function

A

controls production of eggs and sperm

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19
Q

Melatonin function

A

regulates sleep-wake cycles
such as the diurnal and circadian rhythms

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20
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone function

A

stimulates thyroid glands to release thyroid hormones i.e thyroxine, triiodothyronine and calcitonin

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21
Q

Oxytocin function

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A

aids lactation and childbirth

22
Q

Antidiuretic hormone function

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A

increases water reabsorption in kidneys

23
Q

Pineal gland function

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A

to secrete melatonin in responds to light levels and in turn regulates sleep and wake cycles

23
Q

Pineal gland function

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A

controls circadian and diurnal rhythms -sleep wake cycles

24
Describe the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus
-receives signals from the eyes (about light levels) and sends messages to the pineal gland (via hypothalamus) to influence the secretion of melatonin and hence sleepiness
25
High light levels means
less melatonin /less drowsiness and vice versa
26
Outline importance of sleep
-repair muscle/body cells -consolidate neural pathways (memory) -conserve energy
27
List 5 symptoms of poor sleep
-affective=high irritability, loss of personality/dull -behavioural- decreased motor control + clumsiness -cognitive=poor memory and decreased focus
28
Function of thymus gland
-development and maturation of T cells -produces thymosin which stimulates immune cell growth
29
Structure of thyroid gland
butterfly shaped and 2 lobes
30
Function of thyroid gland
metabolism (rate at which energy is broken down)
31
Function of triiodothyronine and thyroxine
regulates body temperature, metabolism and heat rate
32
Function of calcitonin
regulates calcium levels in body stores Calcium in bones CAN inhibit the kidneys re-uptake of calcium
33
Structure of parathyroid glands
4 glands embedded into posterior surface of thyroid glands
34
Function of parathyroid hormone
-regulates Ca, P, Mg levels in blood and bones -stimulates release of Ca from bones into bloodstream
35
What does the kidney do to calcium
converts vitamin d into calcitriol which helps increase Ca absorption from intestines into blood
36
Alpha cells
pancreatic islets that break down glycogen stores in liver and muscle cells into glucose hence increasing BGL
37
Beta cells
pancreatic islets that convert excess glucose into glycogen in liver and muscle cells hence decreasing BGL to WNL
38
Structure of adrenal glands
superior to each each kidney and made of medulla (inner) and cortex (outer)
39
Identify Hormones released by adrenal glands
adrenaline & noradrenaline-medulla cortisol-cortex aldosterone
40
Adrenaline & noradrenaline function
-responsible for fight or flight (sympathetic NS) -increase HR, metabolism, -pupils dilate -divert blood to vital organs and muscles
41
Cortisol function
influences metabolism, BSL, anti inflammatory effects
42
Aldosterone function
regulates salt and water levels in blood, in turn regulates BP
43
Identify hormones released by ovaries
oesterogen and progesterone
44
Oestrogen function
helps regulate female development and growth in breasts regulates menstrual cycle
45
Progesterone function
regulates menstrual cycles vital in pregnancy
46
Whats testosterone released by
testes
47
Testosterone function
-sex drive/male libido -bone mass -fat distribution -muscle mass/strength -produce RBC's and sperm
48
Prolactin function
regulates milk production
49
ADH function
increases water reabsorption in kidneys
50
ACTH function
stimulates adrenal glands to release steroid hormones i.e cortisol

3/4 VET HEALTH (22 decks)

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