5&6 Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are general manifestations of respiratory system disorders?
- Cough: Protective reflex to clear airways
- Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood, usually from lungs
- Rales (crackles): Discontinuous popping sounds indicating fluid in alveoli
- Rhonchi (wheezes): Continuous musical sounds indicating narrowed airways
- Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- Orthopnea: Dyspnea when lying flat
- Cyanosis: Bluish discoloration due to low oxygen
- Clubbing: Rounded, swollen fingertips due to chronic hypoxia
- Hypoxemia: Low oxygen in blood
- Hypoxia: Inadequate air supply
What is influenza?
-A viral respiratory infection
-Influenza viruses A, B, or C (spread by droplets)
-Fever, chills, cough, sore throat, fatigue, muscle aches
What are decongestants?
-Adrenergic drug that mimics the sympathetic nervous system (shrinks swollen mucous membranes, allowing you to breathe easier by reducing nasal congestion)
What are antitussives?
Opioid and Non-opioid cough supressing medicine (codeine and dextromethorphan)
What are expectorant drugs?
Thins mucous so it loosens and easily coughs up
What are mucolytic drugs?
breaks down thick mucus so you can easily cough it up
What is Pneumothorax?
Air gets trapped between the lung and chest wall, making the lung collapse; treat with a chest tube.
What is Hemothorax?
Blood collects around the lungs from injury or disease, making it hard to breathe; treat with a chest tube.
What is Tension Pneumothorax?
Air builds up fast in the chest, crushing the lungs and heart; needs emergency needle release and a chest tube.
What is pleural effusion?
What are the types of pleural effusion?
What is thoracentesis for pleural effusion?
when fluid builds up between the layers of tissue around the lungs (pleural space), making it harder to breathe.
There are transudative (non-inflammatory) and exudative (inflammatory).
Thoracentesis is a procedure where a needle removes fluid from the pleural space to help breathing or test the fluid.
What are the different types of pneumonia? (5)
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)Pneumonia caught outside of hospitals, often caused by bacteria or viruses.
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) - Pneumonia that occurs 48+ hours after hospital admission.
Fungal Pneumonia - from fungus
Aspiration Pneumonia. - appens when food, drink, vomit, or saliva accidentally goes into the lungs instead of the stomach, causing an infection.
Opportunistic Pneumonia - happens in people with weak immune systems
What causes tuberculosis (TB)?
Lung infection
spreads through the air when someone coughs or sneezes.
Bacteria form granulomas (small clumps of immune cells that form around something the body is trying to get rid of) in lungs and spread slowly.
What is the drug isoniazid?
antibacterial drug for TB It kills bacteria by blocking cell wall formation.
What is asthma?
What causes asthma?
How is asthma treated?
Asthma causes airway swelling, tightening, and mucus that blocks breathing.
Asthma is caused by triggers like allergens, cold air, or exercise that make airways react.
With bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications to open airways and reduce swelling.
What is COPD?
COPD is long-term lung damage that blocks airflow and makes breathing hard.
What is emphysema?
What causes emphysema?
Emphysema is when the air sacs in the lungs are damaged and lose stretch.
Usually caused by smoking or long-term lung irritants.
What is chronic bronchitis?
What causes chronic bronchitis?
Chronic bronchitis is when the airways stay inflamed and full of mucus.
Smoking and long-term exposure to lung irritants.
What does albuterol (Ventolin) do?
Albuterol relaxes airway muscles to make breathing easier.
What is albuterol used for?
Used for quick relief of asthma or COPD symptoms.
What does ipratropium (Atrovent) do?
It blocks signals that tighten airway muscles.
Used to open airways in COPD or sometimes asthma.
What does beclomethasone do?
It reduces airway swelling and mucus.
Used daily to prevent asthma attacks.
What do leukotriene modifiers do?
They block chemicals that cause airway swelling.
Used to prevent asthma and allergy symptoms.
What do mast cell stabilizers do?
They stop cells from releasing allergy chemicals.
Used to prevent asthma from allergens or exercise.
