Week 1

Question 1

What is a drug?

Answer 1

Any chemical that affects a living organism processes

Question 2

What is pharmacology?

Answer 2

The study of drugs

Question 3

What is a prototype drug?

Answer 3

a classification of drug that has the same effects and side effects (example: there are different kinds of penecillin but they all do the same thing)

Question 4

What are the three different names a drug can have?

Answer 4

Chemical name
Generic Name (official)
Trade name (trademark name)

Question 5

What is Pharmaceutics?

Answer 5

The study of how different drug forms affect the body

(example: tablet form vs injection form)

Question 6

What is Pharmacodynamics?

Answer 6

what the drug does to the body

Question 7

What is Pharmacokinetics?

Answer 7

what the body does to the drug

Question 8

What is the First Pass Effect in Pharmacokinetics?

Answer 8

when a drug gets broken down by the liver and reduces its effect

Question 9

What is the enteral route of a drug?

Answer 9

any way the drug enters the body using the mouth, intestines, or GI tract

Question 10

What does giving a drug by Parenteral Route mean?

Answer 10

Giving a drug by fastest route (IV)

Question 11

True of False: Albumin carries most of the drug in the bloodstream

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is the half life of a drug?

Answer 12

the time for half (50%) of a drug to be removed from the body

Question 13

What is the peak level of a drug?

What is the trough level of a drug?

What is drug toxicity?

Answer 13

Peak level - highest blood level of a drug

Trough level - lowest blood level of a drug

Toxicity - occurs if the peak blood level of the drug is too high

Question 14

What is a loading dose?

What is a maintenance dose?

Answer 14

Loading Dose
➢ a higher amount of the drug is given, often only once or twice
to increase the drug level in the blood

Maintenance Dose
➢ intermittent doses of the drug are given to maintain a level in the blood

Question 15

What is Pharmacotherapeutics?

Answer 15

The use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases

Question 16

True or false: Desired therapeutic outcomes is patient specific, established in collaboration with the patient

Answer 16

true

Question 17

What is drug tolerance?

What is drug dependance?

What is physical and psychological dependance on a drug?

Answer 17

Tolerance: decreasing response to repeated drug doses

Dependence: physical or psychological need for a drug

Physical dependence:
➢ physiological need for a drug to avoid physical withdrawal symptoms

Psychological dependence (addiction):
➢ obsessive desire for a drug

Question 18

Define the following:

Drug interactions

Drug Additive effects

Drug Synergistic effects

Drug Antagonistic effects

Drug Incompatibility

Answer 18

Drug interactions - two drugs affect each other

Additive effects - Two drugs add up (two sleeping pills will make you more sleepy than 1)

Synergistic effects - Two drugs boost each other

Antagonistic effects - One drug reduces the effect of the other.

Incompatibility - two drugs are mixed and they form clumps, crystals, or become dangerous.

Question 19

What is the difference between brand name drugs and their generic equivalents?

Answer 19

No difference they have the same ingredients

Question 20

The ____________ drug is a well-understood model by which other drugs within the same classification can be compared.

Answer 20

prototype

Question 21

Drugs are grouped together based on their similar properties and can be classified by their ________________ or ______________

Answer 21

Structure

Therapeutic effect

Question 22

The _______________ of a drug is the time required for half of the drug to be removed from the body

Answer 22

half life

Question 23

_____________ is the study of what the drug does to the body, including the
mechanism of drug actions in living tissues

Answer 23

pharmacodynamics

Question 24

The _____________ route involves direct delivery of drugs into the bloodstream, making it the fastest route

Answer 24

IV (intravenous)

Question 25

Which of the following drug name is non-proprietary and is considered the official name of the drug? a) Chemical name b) Generic name c) Trade name d) Scientific name

Answer 25

Generic Name

Question 26

What is the primary organ responsible for drug excretion? a) Liver b) Bowel c) Kidney d) Heart

Answer 26

kidney

Question 27

Which phase of pharmacology involves the study of drug formulation and how it affects the body? a) Pharmacodynamics b) Pharmacokinetics c) Pharmaceutics d) Pharmacotherapy

Answer 27

Pharmaceutics

Question 28

What is the role of albumin in drug distribution? a) It metabolizes drugs b) It binds to drugs affecting their distribution c) It excretes drugs from the body d) It is involved in drug synthesis

Answer 28

B) It binds to drugs affecting their distribution

Question 29

What are the 4 processes of pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Distribution; Metabolism: Excretion:

Answer 29

A - Absorption: How the drug gets into the bloodstream. D - Distribution: bloodstream to action site. M - Metabolism: How the body breaks down the drug (mainly in the liver). E - Excretion: How the drug leaves the body (mainly through urine or feces - kidneys).

Question 30

True or false: coated tablets are absorbed faster than liquids

Answer 30

False

Question 31

What is the onset of drug action? What is the duration of action? What is a drugs peak level?

Answer 31

The time is takes for the drug to get a response The time a drug is getting a response in the body The maximum therapeutic response

Question 32

What is a receptor site in drug action? Where does this usually happen in the body?

Answer 32

A site where the drug binds and either gets or blocks a response On the surface or inside a cell

Question 33

In Pharmacokinetics, what does absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion do?

Answer 33

absorption - drug goes to the bloodstream Distribution - drug in the bloodstream goes to the target site Metabolism - first pass effect (liver breaks down the drug and removes some) Excretion - kidney gets rid of drug

Question 34

True or false: only oral medication go through the first pass effect

Answer 34

True

Question 35

what is therapeutic range?

Answer 35

The range the drug is having a therapeutic effect (between the minimum effective concentration and toxic concentration)

Question 36

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion is part of which phase of pharmacology?

Answer 36

Pharmacokinetics

Question 37

What are adverse drug effects?

Answer 37

undesired side effects of a drug

Question 38

True or false: When giving someone an oral drug, it is usually a lower dose then the drug as an injection

Answer 38

False - it is usually higher because of the first pass

Question 39

Does a drug go through the liver once or twice?

Answer 39

Twice - the second time the drug is broken down completely and expelled by the kidneys

Question 40

Drugs either _____ a response or ________ a response from cells

Answer 40

Get Block