Week 3 Inflammation Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is a lethal injury to a cell?
What is a sublethal injury to a cell?
injury that kills the cell
When the cell survives but the function changes
What is cell apoptosis?
What is cell necrosis?
Programmed cell death
Tissue death from injury, infection, etc.
What are the normal defenses that help prevent disease?
-skin and mucous membranes
-mononuclear phagocyte system
-inflammatory response
-immune system.
What is the definition of the acute inflammatory process?
A response to cell injury leading to healing and repair.
What causes acute inflammation?
Infections, injuries, heat, chemicals, allergens, or autoimmune issues.
What are the local effects of acute inflammation? (4)
redness
heat
swelling
pain
What diagnostic tests help identify inflammation?
High WBC count and C-reactive protein.
What are the two different changes that happen in the inflammatory response?
Vascular Response:
Blood vessels tighten briefly, then widen. This brings more blood and immune cells to the area and causes swelling as fluid leaks into the tissue.
Cellular response:
White blood cells (like neutrophils and monocytes) move out of the blood vessels to the injury site. They eat up germs and debris to start healing.
Infection is always ____________, but not all inflammations are caused by ___________.
Inflammation
Infections
What is an infection?
invasion of tissues or cells by
microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses
How is chronic inflammation different from acute?
Lasts longer
involves different cells (macrophages, lymphocytes).
What are the types of healing?
Primary (clean cut)
secondary (big open wound)
tertiary (contaminated wound so delayed closing)
What affects healing?
Nutrition, blood flow, age, infections, and chronic diseases.
What is wound drainage?
Fluid from wounds (can be clear, bloody, or pus)
What are complications in healing?
Scars, reopening, stuck tissues, and infections.
Histamine at the injury site causes ___________
vasodilation
In the cellular response, what is…
Chemotaxis?
Margination?
Diapedesis?
Hemotaxis
white blood cells get the scent and move toward the site of injury or infection.
Margination
WBCs move to the edges of blood vessels and line up along the vessel wall near the injury.
Diapedesis
WBCs squeeze through the blood vessel wall to reach the injured or infected tissue.
what are the colors you can classify wounds as?
red yellow or black
What are the stages of pressure injuries?
Stage 1: Red, non-blanchable skin. Skin intact.
Stage 2: Partial skin loss. Open sore or blister.
Stage 3: Full-thickness skin loss. Fat visible. Deep crater.
Stage 4: Full-thickness tissue loss. Muscle/bone visible.
Unstageable: Base covered by slough or eschar (depth unknown).
Deep Tissue Injury: Skin may be intact. Dark red/purple. Damage under the surface.
What are NSAIDs – Ibuprofen (Advil®, Actiprofen®) used for?
Reduce pain, inflammation, fever, Headache, muscle pain, arthritis, menstrual pain
How can we compare….
Aspirin?
Ibuprofen?
Celecoxib?
Aspirin (Salicylate): cox 1 and 2
Action: Reduces inflammation, pain, fever, and stops clotting
Ibuprofen (Non-selective COX):
Blocks both COX-1 & COX-2
Celecoxib (COX-2 Selective):
Blocks COX-2 only
What are Systemic Glucocorticoids Prednisone?
Reduces inflammation & immune response
Asthma, arthritis, allergies, autoimmune diseases
