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Semester 4 > Head And Neck Session 7 > Flashcards

Head And Neck Session 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What gives innervation to the ala of the nose?

A

Nasal branches of the intra orbital nerve, a branch of CNV2

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2
Q

What gives innervation to the dorsum and apex of the nose?

A

Infratrochlear and external anterior ethmoid all nerves, branches of CNV1

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3
Q

What gives arterial supply to the nose?

A

Anterior ethmoidal, septal branch of superior labial and nasal branches of infra-orbital and facial artery

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4
Q

What gives venous drainage to the nose?

A

Angular and lateral nasal veins that drain into the facial vein and cavernous sinus

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5
Q

What allows the nares to constrict or dilate when the surrounding muscles act?

A

U-shaped major alar cartilage that are free to move

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6
Q

What type of skin covers the superior bony part of the nose?

A

Thin skin

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7
Q

What type of skin covers the cartilaginous part of the nose?

A

Thicker skin with sebaceous glands

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8
Q

What is the limen nasi?

A

Boundary between skin types from development as skin was drawn in from nasal pits

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9
Q

What skin is found in the vestibule of the nose?

A

Same as on the cartilaginous part with additional vibrissae

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10
Q

What forms the roof of the nasal cavities?

A

Frontonasal, ethmoidal and hollow body of sphenoid

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11
Q

What structures are found in the lateral wall of the nasal cavities?

A

Nasal conchae

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12
Q

What forms the nasal septum to make up the medial wall of the nasal cavities?

A

Crista galli, nasal spine of frontal bone, septal cartilage, nasal crest of maxilla, nasal crest of palatine bone, vomer, crest of sphenoid bone and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

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13
Q

What forms the floor of the nasal cavities?

A

Palatine processes of maxilla and horizontal plates of palatine bone

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14
Q

What are the openings of the nasal cavities?

A

Anteriorly: nares
Posteriorly: choanae

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15
Q

Describe the arrangement of the nasal mucosa in the nasal cavities.

A

Firmly bound to periosteum and perichondrium, continuous with the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, lacrimal sac and conjunctiva

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16
Q

How does the inferior 2/3 of nasal mucosa differ from the superior 1/3?

A

Inferior 2/3 is respiratory and superior 1/3 is olfactory

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17
Q

What type of epithelium is respiratory mucosa?

A

Pseudostratified columnar with cilia and goblet cells

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18
Q

What type of epithelium is olfactory mucosa?

A

Olfactory cells with sustenacular cells and Bowman’s glands

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19
Q

Which concha are associated with the ethmoid bone?

A

Superior and middle

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20
Q

What is the purpose of the large vascular spaces in the mucous membrane of the inferior concha?

A

Can swell and shrink to control diameter

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21
Q

What in the nasal cavity receives sphenoid all sinus drainage?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

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22
Q

What drainage does each meatus in the nasal cavity receive?

A

Superior: posterior ethmoidal sinuses
Middle: maxillary, frontal and ethmoidal
Inferior: nasolacrimal duct and eustaschian tube

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23
Q

Where is the common nasal meatus found?

A

Between conchae and nasal septum

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24
Q

What does the ethmoidal infundibulum allow passage of?

A

Frontonasal duct through ethmoidal labyrinth

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25
Q

What is the semilunar hiatus?

A

Frontal sinus opening into the nasal cavity

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26
Q

Which two branches of the ophthalmic artery supply the medial wall of the nasal cavities?

A

Anterior ethmoidal and posterior ethmoidal

27
Q

Which branches of the ECA supply the medial wall of the nasal cavities?

A

Septal branch of superior labial from the facial artery and greater palatine from the maxillary artery

28
Q

What does the foramen cecum allow passage of in some patients?

A

Nasal veins to superior sagittal sinus

29
Q

Which branch of the maxillary artery supplies the lateral wall of the nasal cavities?

A

Branches of the sphenopalatine artery

30
Q

What gives venous drainage to the nasal cavities?

A

Sphenopalatine, facial and ophthalmic veins drain to the submucosal be venous plexus and into the pterygoid plexus and cavernous sinus

31
Q

What is the function of the submucosal venous plexus of the nose?

A

Thermoregulation

32
Q

Describe the innervation of the anterosuperior portion of the nasal cavities.

A

Ophthalmic nerve (CNV1) branches to nasociliary nerve giving rise to anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves

33
Q

Describe the innervation of the postoinferior portion of the nasal cavities.

A

Maxillary nerve (CNV2) gives rise to the greater palatine nerve to innervate the lateral wall and the nasopalatine nerve to innervate the septum

34
Q

What are the functions of the nose?

A

Olfaction, filtration, drain and eliminate paranasal sinus and nasolacrimal duct secretions, registration and humidification

35
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Paired mucous membrane lined out-pocketings of nasal cavity named according to their bony location

36
Q

What is the function of paranasal sinuses?

A

Nobody knows

37
Q

Where are the frontal sinuses located?

A

Posterior to superciliary arches and root of nose

38
Q

At what age can the frontal sinuses be detected?

A

7 y.o.

39
Q

Describe the passage taken by contents draining from the frontal sinuses.

A

Frontonasal duct –> ethmoidal infundibulum –> semilunar hiatus of middle nasal meatus

40
Q

What provides innervation to the frontal sinuses?

A

Supra-orbital nerves (CNV1)

41
Q

Why does the septum near the frontal sinuses usually deviate?

A

Right and left frontal sinuses and rally equal in size

42
Q

Where are the two parts of the frontal sinuses located?

A

Vertical in squamous frontal bone, horizontal in orbital frontal bone

43
Q

What forms the roof of the frontal sinuses?

A

Floor of anterior cranial fossa

44
Q

What forms the floor of the frontal sinuses?

A

Roof of orbit

45
Q

What forms the apex of the maxillary sinuses?

A

Zygomatic bone

46
Q

What do the base of the maxillary sinuses form?

A

Inferior lateral wall of nasal cavity

47
Q

What forms the roof of the maxillary sinuses?

A

Floor of orbit

48
Q

What often causes conical elevations to appear on the maxillary sinus floor?

A

Roots of first two molars in the alveolar part of maxilla

49
Q

Describe the passage of contents draining from the maxillary sinus.

A

Maxillary Ostia –> semilunar hiatus –> middle nasal meatus

50
Q

What gives arterial supply to the maxillary sinuses?

A

Mainly superior alveolar branches of maxillary artery and descending and greater palatine arches to the floor

51
Q

What gives innervation it the maxillary sinuses?

A

Anterior, middle and posterior superior alveolar nerves, all branches of the maxillary nerve

52
Q

Describe the development of the maxillary sinuses through childhood.

A

Present at birth but do not enlarge until ~8 y.o.

53
Q

Where are the ethmoidal sinuses found?

A

Between nasal cavity and orbit

54
Q

If a patient is less than 2 y.o. What imaging method is. Needed to visualise the ethmoidal sinuses?

A

CT

55
Q

Describe the drainage of the anterior, middle and posterior ethmoidal air cells.

A

Anterior: ethmoidal infundibulum –> middle nasal meatus
Middle: –> middle nasal meatus
Posterior: –> superior meatus

56
Q

What gives innervation to the ethmoidal sinuses?

A

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of nasociliary nerves (CNV1)

57
Q

At ~2 y.o. Which other sinus do the ethmoidal sinuses invade?

A

Sphenoid

58
Q

Describe the location of the sphenoid sinuses.

A

In body of sphenoid but may extend to wings, unevenly divided by bony septum

59
Q

What do the thin plates of bone around the sphenoid sinus separate it from?

A

Optic nerves, optic chiasm, pituitary gland and fossa, ICA, cavernous sinuses, middle and posterior cranial fossae, pons and nasopharynx roof

60
Q

What happens if several posterior ethmoidal air cells invade the sphenoid sinuses?

A

Sphenoidal sinuses open separately into sphenoethmoidal recess

61
Q

What gives neurovascular supply to the sphenoid sinuses?

A

Posterior ethmoidal arteries and nerves

62
Q

Describe the change in the sphenoid sinuses observed from birth to puberty.

A

Small at birth and enlarge after puberty

63
Q

What forms the nasal septum?

A

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer and septal cartilage

Semester 4 (33 decks)

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