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AP Psych 3 > 5.06 Perception > Flashcards

5.06 Perception Flashcards

1
Q

the process by which your brain takes all the sensations you experience and interprets them and assigns meaning

A

perception

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2
Q

the first step in perception

A

attention

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3
Q

the phenomenon of being able to focus one’s auditory attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli, much the same way that a partygoer can focus on a single conversation in a noisy room

A

cocktail party effect

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4
Q

something that remains the same, unchanging

A

constancy

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5
Q

perceptual tendency to interpret an object as always being the same size, regardless of its distance from the viewer

A

size constancy

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6
Q

perceptual tendency to interpret the shape of an object as being constant, even when its image change on the retina

A

shape constancy

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7
Q

perceptual tendency to interpret the apparent brightness of an object as the same, even when light conditions change

A

brightness constancy

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8
Q

three important perceptual constancies

A

size, shape, brightness

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9
Q

the Gestalt tendencies are to __ objects and perceive __ shapes

A

group, whole

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10
Q

figures that seem to go back and forth between two different images

A

reversible images

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11
Q

a type of perceptual grouping that allows us to identify a figure based on its background

A

figure-ground organization

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12
Q

Gestalt principles that explains our tendency to organize isolated stimuli into groups, based on their characteristics

A

grouping principles

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13
Q

six important Gestalt grouping principles

A

contiguity, continuity, closure, similarity, proximity, common region

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14
Q

Gestalt grouping principle that suggests that objects that are close together are perceived to be part of the same group

A

proximity principle

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15
Q

Gestalt grouping principle that refers to our tendency to perceive things that look similar as being part of the same group

A

similarity principle

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16
Q

Gestalt grouping principle that refers to our tendency to perceive complete figures even if we need to “fill in” or “close” broken lines or missing parts

A

closure principle

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17
Q

Gestalt grouping principle that refers to our tendency to perceive things as having a continuous pattern, rather than a disjointed one

A

continuity principle

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18
Q

Gestalt grouping principle that refers to our tendency to perceive two things that happen close together in time as being related

A

contiguity principle

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19
Q

Gestalt grouping principle that refers to our tendency to perceive objects that are in a common area as being in the same group

A

common region principle

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20
Q

the apability to see the world in three dimensions

A

depth perception

21
Q

experiments showing that infants can perceive depth early in life

A

visual cliff experiments

22
Q

visual cues that help us to perceive depth and require the use of only one eye

A

monocular clues

23
Q

seven important monocular clues

A
  • linear perspective
  • relative size
  • overlap or interposition
  • aerial/atmospheric perspective
  • texture gradient
  • motion parallax
  • accommodation
24
Q

monocular cue in which parallel lines to appear to converge

A

linear perspective

25
Q

monocular cue in which objects that are small are assumed to be far away

A

relative size

26
Q

monocular cue in which object that is blocking another object is assumed to be in front of the other object

A

overlap or interposition

27
Q

monocular cue in which fuzzy, hazy or blurry objects are assumed to be farther away

A

aerial/atmospheric perspective

28
Q

monocular cue in which textured surfaces appear to become smaller and finer as distance from the viewer increases

A

texture gradient

29
Q

monocular cue in which, as the observer moves, objects close to her appear to move quickly, while objects distant from her appear to move more slowly

A

motion parallax

30
Q

monocular cue in which the brain uses information about the changing lens to make conclusions about the distance of objects

A

accommodation

31
Q

visual cues that help us to perceive depth and require the use of both eyes

A

binocular cues

32
Q

two important binocular cues

A

convergence and binocular/retinal disparity

33
Q

Our eyes come closer together to see closer objects. Our brains use this information about the __ of our eyes to judge depth.

A

convergence

34
Q

Close your right eye, and you see one image, close your left eye, and you see the same objects slightly offset. Our brains use this information about the __ between the images to judge depth.

A

binocular/retinal disparity

35
Q

general term for a perception that does not match reality

A

illusion

36
Q

types of cells in the visual cortex that respond to specific features of a stimulus

A

feature detectors

37
Q

three types of visual cortex cells identified by Hubel and Wiesel

A

simple cells, complex cells, end-stopped cells

38
Q

feature detector cell that responds only to bars of a specific orientation

A

simple cells

39
Q

feature detector cell that responds to orientation and movement

A

complex cell

40
Q

feature detector cell that responds to corners, curvature and edges

A

end-stopped cell

41
Q

an illusion that causes us to perceive a still image to be moving

A

autokinetic effect

42
Q

occurs when a rapid series of still pictures can appear to be in motion

A

stroboscopic motion

43
Q

an example of stroboscopic motion in which lights turned on in sequence appear to move

A

phi phenomenon

44
Q

fast and small eye movements

A

microsaccades

45
Q

our tendency to perceive things in a certain way based on our experiences or expectations

A

perceptual set or perceptual expectancy

46
Q

a stimulus that can be interpreted in more than one way and is influenced by our experiences, beliefs and expectations

A

ambiguous figures

47
Q

perceptual processing that occurs when we use preexisting knowledge to organize individual parts of what we see into a whole

A

top-down processing

48
Q

perceptual processing that occurs when we allow the smaller parts of what we sense to drive our perception of the whole

A

bottom-up processing

AP Psych 3 (26 decks)

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